Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Aug 9;19(1):1082. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7420-y.
Active transportation (AT), independent mobility (IM), and outdoor time are promising ways to increase children's physical activity. However, in order to create interventions to increase those forms of physical activity, it is important to understand the relationships between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and type of urbanization with AT, IM, outdoor time, and physical activity, and this was the aim of the study.
One thousand six hundred ninety-nine children in grades 4 to 6 (mean age: 10.2 ± 1.0 years) from three Canadian regions participated. AT, IM, and outdoor time were assessed using questionnaires and physical activity was measured using the SC-StepRX pedometer. Area-level SES was assessed using the median household income of the census tract in which the school was located and type of urbanization was determined for each school using standardized procedures. Generalized linear and general linear mixed models were used to examine the relationships.
Area-level SES and the type of urbanization were generally not related to AT, IM, or physical activity for either gender. However, we observed that both boys and girls living in lower SES areas had decreased odds of spending > 2 h outdoors on weekend days compared to their peers from higher SES areas. Girls living in suburban or rural areas were more likely to spend > 2 h outdoors on weekdays compared to their urban counterparts.
AT, IM, and physical activity are generally not associated with area-level SES or the type of urbanization in this sample of Canadian children. The finding regarding outdoor time showing that both boys and girls of lower SES areas had decreased odds of spending > 2 h outdoors on weekends compared to their peers from higher SES areas suggest that additional efforts should be implemented to offer outdoor play opportunities in lower SES areas.
积极出行（AT）、独立移动（IM）和户外活动时间是增加儿童身体活动的有前途的方式。然而，为了创建增加这些身体活动形式的干预措施，了解地区社会经济地位（SES）和城市化类型与 AT、IM、户外活动时间和身体活动之间的关系非常重要，这是本研究的目的。
来自加拿大三个地区的 1699 名 4 至 6 年级的儿童（平均年龄：10.2±1.0 岁）参与了研究。AT、IM 和户外活动时间使用问卷进行评估，身体活动使用 SC-StepRX 计步器进行测量。地区 SES 使用学校所在的普查区的家庭收入中位数进行评估，并且使用标准化程序确定每个学校的城市化类型。使用广义线性和一般线性混合模型来检查关系。
对于任何性别，地区 SES 和城市化类型通常与 AT、IM 或身体活动没有关系。然而，我们观察到，与 SES 较高地区的同龄人相比，居住在 SES 较低地区的男孩和女孩在周末花 >2 小时在户外的可能性较小。居住在郊区或农村地区的女孩在工作日花 >2 小时在户外的可能性大于城市女孩。
在这个加拿大儿童样本中，AT、IM 和身体活动与地区 SES 或城市化类型没有关系。关于户外活动时间的发现表明，SES 较低地区的男孩和女孩在周末花 >2 小时在户外的可能性比 SES 较高地区的同龄人小，这表明应在 SES 较低地区增加户外活动机会。
