Waśkiewicz Zbigniew, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Gerasimuk Dagmara, Borysiuk Zbigniew, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
Department of Team Sports, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Exercise Testing Laboratory, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Acharnes, Greece.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 25;10:1671. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01671. eCollection 2019.
The aim of this study was to compare the motivations of successful marathon finishers ( = 1,243) and inexperienced runners (control group, = 296). A total of 1,537 runners with 380 women (24.7%) and 1,157 men (75.3%) completed the motivations of marathoners scales (MOMS) questionnaire and the relationships between general motivation categories and selected demographic (e.g., gender, age, and education) and training characteristics were analyzed. Successful marathon finishers did not differ significantly in motivations from the control group ( > 0.05). Trivial to small correlations with age, educational level, and training characteristics were observed. Female marathon finishers exceeded men on the motivational scales for weight concern, affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem and they scored lower on competitive motivation ( < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship of some motivational aspects with level of education, experience and training frequency. These findings confirmed that age and gender differentiate motivations in both successful female and male marathon finishers and controls.
本研究的目的是比较成功完成马拉松比赛者（n = 1243）和缺乏经验的跑步者（对照组，n = 296）的动机。共有1537名跑步者（380名女性，占24.7%；1157名男性，占75.3%）完成了马拉松运动员动机量表（MOMS）问卷，并分析了一般动机类别与选定的人口统计学特征（如性别、年龄和教育程度）以及训练特征之间的关系。成功完成马拉松比赛者与对照组在动机方面无显著差异（p>0.05）。观察到与年龄、教育水平和训练特征存在微小至较小的相关性。女性马拉松完赛者在体重关注、归属感、心理应对、生活意义和自尊等动机量表上得分高于男性，而在竞争动机方面得分较低（p<0.05）。一些动机方面与教育水平、经验和训练频率之间也存在显著关系。这些发现证实，年龄和性别在成功的男女马拉松完赛者和对照组中都会使动机产生差异。
