Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(2):183-186. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1651348. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
Literature data revealed that the benefits of consuming omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplements such as fish oil with the goal of reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer remain controversial. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss factors that may account for the inconsistency of results across different studies. Critical review of the published data, including our own preclinical and clinical studies, strongly suggests that customized clinical prevention trials are needed to resolve the above-mentioned controversy. Specifically, in order to develop a personalized cancer prevention strategy, more attention should be given to multiple factors including the dose of the n-3FA, the specific placebo used as a comparator, duration of administration, type of intervention (primary vs secondary prevention trial), specific compound (DHA vs EPA vs their metabolites), the ratio of n-3FA:n-6FA and the target population tested (high vs average risk).
文献资料显示，食用欧米伽-3 脂肪酸（n-3FA）补充剂（如鱼油）以降低心血管疾病和癌症等慢性病的发病率的益处仍存在争议。本评论的目的是讨论可能导致不同研究结果不一致的因素。对已发表数据的批判性审查，包括我们自己的临床前和临床研究，强烈表明需要进行定制的临床预防试验来解决上述争议。具体而言，为了制定个性化的癌症预防策略，应更加关注包括 n-3FA 剂量、用作对照的特定安慰剂、给药持续时间、干预类型（一级 vs 二级预防试验）、特定化合物（DHA 与 EPA 及其代谢物）、n-3FA:n-6FA 比值以及测试的目标人群（高风险与平均风险）在内的多个因素。
