School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2020 Jun;20(5):691-702. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1656291. Epub 2019 Sep 19.
Polynesian individuals are leaner with greater musculature than Caucasians of an equivalent size, and this genetically different morphology provides a physique that is often compatible with success in a number of sports, including rugby union. Evidence indicates that Polynesians have greater stores of absolute and relative abdominal fat mass and this is known to confer cardiometabolic risk. The aims of this study were to (1) explore the relationship between ethnicity, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and cardiometabolic disease risk markers in elite Caucasian and Polynesian rugby union athletes, and (2) assess the impact of a pre-season training programme on these markers. Twenty-two professional rugby union athletes of Caucasian ( = 11) and Polynesian ( = 11) descent underwent physique assessment via surface anthropometry, dual-energy -ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging before and after an 11-week pre-season. A fasted blood test was undertaken at both time points. Compared to Caucasians, at baseline Polynesians displayed significantly higher VAT (771 ± 609 cm vs 424 ± 235 cm; = 0.043), triglycerides (1.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs 0.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L; = 0.050), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs 2.3 ± 0.7 mmol/L; = 0.019). Similar changes were observed in both groups over the pre-season period in VAT and blood biochemical markers. Polynesian rugby union athletes were more likely than Caucasians to exhibit risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, such as elevated VAT and unfavourable lipid profiles. Further longitudinal research is required to identify and explain the short- and long-term risk of cardiometabolic disease in athletes of Polynesian descent.
波利尼西亚个体比同体型的白种人更瘦，肌肉更发达，这种基因上的不同形态提供了一种体质，这种体质通常与许多运动的成功兼容，包括橄榄球联盟。有证据表明，波利尼西亚人有更多的绝对和相对腹部脂肪储存，这被认为会带来心血管代谢风险。本研究的目的是：（1）探讨种族、内脏脂肪组织（VAT）与精英白种人和波利尼西亚橄榄球联盟运动员心血管代谢疾病风险标志物之间的关系，（2）评估 preseason 训练计划对这些标志物的影响。22 名职业橄榄球联盟运动员，包括 11 名白种人和 11 名波利尼西亚人，在 preseason 前和 preseason 后分别通过体表人体测量、双能 X 射线吸收法和磁共振成像进行体格评估。在这两个时间点都进行了空腹血液检查。与白种人相比，波利尼西亚人在基线时显示出显著更高的 VAT（771±609 cm 比 424±235 cm； = 0.043）、甘油三酯（1.0±0.9 mmol/L 比 0.6±0.2 mmol/L； = 0.050）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（3.1±0.9 mmol/L 比 2.3±0.7 mmol/L； = 0.019）。在 preseason期间，两组的 VAT 和血液生化标志物都观察到了类似的变化。与白种人相比，波利尼西亚橄榄球队员更有可能表现出与心血管代谢疾病相关的风险因素，如升高的 VAT 和不利的血脂谱。需要进一步的纵向研究来确定和解释波利尼西亚裔运动员心血管代谢疾病的短期和长期风险。
