Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Feb;34(2):333-339. doi: 10.1111/jdv.15875. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has caused an unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy in Europe and elsewhere. Subsequently, regulatory action has been taken, at least in Europe, aiming at reducing risk of MI sensitization.
To follow-up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in consecutively patch tested patients and assess the spectrum of products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI in patients positive to MI which elicited current allergic contact dermatitis.
A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2016 and 2017, including all adult patients patch tested with the baseline series (including MI 0.2% aq.) between 1 May and 31 October at 14 centres in 11 European countries. Patients with positive reactions (+ to +++) to MI were further examined regarding history, clinical characteristics and eliciting products, which were categorized into 34 types and 4 classes (leave-on, rinse-off, household, occupational). The results were compared with the reference year 2015.
A total of 317 patients, n = 202 of 4278 tested in 2016 (4.72%) and n = 115 of 3879 tested in 2017 (2.96%), had positive reactions to MI; the previous result from 2015 was 5.97% (P < 0.0001). The share of currently relevant contact allergy among all positive reactions declined significantly as well (P = 0.0032). Concerning product classes, a relative decline of leave-on and a relative increase of rinse-off and household products was noted.
The prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased by 50% from 2015 to 2017. As a consequence of regulation, the share of cosmetics products (leave-on in particular) eliciting allergic contact dermatitis is decreasing. The chosen method of analysing causative products in sensitized patients has proven useful to monitor effects of intervention.
甲基异噻唑啉酮（MI）在欧洲和其他地区引发了前所未有的接触过敏流行。随后，至少在欧洲，采取了监管行动，旨在降低 MI 致敏的风险。
随访连续斑贴试验患者中 MI 接触过敏的患病率，并评估对 MI 呈阳性且当前诱发变应性接触性皮炎的患者中含 MI 或甲基氯异噻唑啉酮（MCI）/MI 的产品的范围。
2016 年和 2017 年进行了横断面调查，包括在 11 个欧洲国家的 14 个中心，于 5 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日期间对基线系列（包括 0.2% aq.MI）进行斑贴试验的所有成年患者。对 MI 阳性反应（+++至++++）的患者进一步检查病史、临床特征和诱发产品，将产品分为 34 种类型和 4 类（留用、冲洗、家用、职业）。结果与参考年 2015 年进行了比较。
共有 317 例患者，2016 年检测的 4278 例中有 202 例（4.72%），2017 年检测的 3879 例中有 115 例（2.96%）对 MI 有阳性反应；前一年 2015 年的结果为 5.97%（P<0.0001）。目前所有阳性反应中与接触过敏相关的比例也显著下降（P=0.0032）。就产品类别而言，留用产品的比例相对下降，冲洗产品和家用产品的比例相对增加。
从 2015 年到 2017 年，MI 接触过敏的患病率下降了 50%。由于监管，引发变应性接触性皮炎的化妆品产品（特别是留用产品）的份额正在减少。在致敏患者中分析致病产品的所选方法已被证明可用于监测干预效果。
