School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
Physiol Behav. 2019 Nov 1;211:112649. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112649. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
Drug addiction is characterised by overvaluation of drug-related rewards and undervaluation of "natural", non-drug-related rewards. Methamphetamine (MA) is the second largest illegally abused drug in the world. Studies have shown that acute aerobic exercise can reduce the incidence of MA-dependent individuals' craving for drug-related cues, but the impact of exercise on food reward in this population has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of moderate and high-intensity acute aerobic exercise on food reward and subjective feelings of appetite in MA-dependent populations.
Forty-four men, who met the DSM-V criteria for MA dependence, with BMI of 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m and age of 31.9 ± 3.8 years, were randomly assigned to two exercise training groups: moderate- (n = 22; 65%~75% HRmax) or high- (n = 22; ≥ 85% HRmax) intensity. Each group performed a resting control or exercise session for 35 min, 1wk apart, in a counterbalanced order. Food reward (explicit liking, implicit wanting and relative preference) for high or low fat and sweet or savoury food images was assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and subjective feelings of appetite were measured by VAS.
Greater relative preference (high: P = .018; moderate: P = .034) and implicit wanting (high: P = .018; moderate: P = .034) for high-fat savoury foods was noted following acute aerobic exercise compared to the control session. Exercise also increased subjective sensations of hunger (F (1,42) =8.28, P = .006).
The current study provides the first evidence that acute aerobic exercise can increase reward for high fat savoury foods and stimulate appetite in MA-dependent individuals. In the context of exercise as a therapeutic option for MA dependence, these changes suggest an improvement in responsiveness to natural, non-drug rewards.
药物成瘾的特征是高估药物相关奖励，低估“自然”、非药物相关奖励。甲基苯丙胺（MA）是世界上第二大非法滥用药物。研究表明，急性有氧运动可以降低 MA 依赖个体对药物相关线索的渴望，但这种运动对该人群食物奖励的影响尚未确定。本研究旨在确定中等和高强度急性有氧运动对 MA 依赖人群食物奖励和食欲主观感受的影响。
44 名男性，符合 MA 依赖的 DSM-V 标准，BMI 为 24.7±3.1kg/m，年龄为 31.9±3.8 岁，被随机分配到两个运动训练组：中等强度（n=22；65%~75%HRmax）或高强度（n=22；≥85%HRmax）。两组在 1 周内以平衡的顺序分别进行休息对照或运动 35 分钟。通过利兹食物偏好问卷评估对高脂肪和低脂肪、甜或咸食物图像的食物奖励（明确喜好、隐含欲望和相对偏好），并通过 VAS 测量食欲的主观感受。
与对照期相比，急性有氧运动后，高脂肪咸味食物的相对偏好（高：P=0.018；中：P=0.034）和隐含欲望（高：P=0.018；中：P=0.034）增加。运动还增加了饥饿的主观感觉（F（1,42）=8.28，P=0.006）。
本研究首次提供了证据表明，急性有氧运动可以增加对高脂肪咸味食物的奖励，并刺激 MA 依赖个体的食欲。在运动作为 MA 依赖治疗选择的背景下，这些变化表明对自然、非药物奖励的反应能力有所提高。
