Engs R C, Hanson D J
Department of Applied Health Science, HPER, Indiana University, Bloomington 47505.
Public Health Rep. 1988 Nov-Dec;103(6):667-73.
An extensive review of the literature on college students' drinking patterns and problems since the mid-1930s revealed no radical changes over the past several decades. However, during the past 10 years, drinking and problems related to drinking and driving have gradually decreased among college students. Results of a study of students at the same 56 colleges and universities throughout the United States (3,145 in 1982-83, 2,797 in 1984-85, and 3,375 in 1987-88) revealed few changes in collegiate drinking patterns and problems attributable to the nationwide increase in the minimum age for alcohol purchase. There was a decline in the proportion of students who drank in the period during which the law changed. However, the proportion of students categorized as heavy drinkers remained constant over time and the proportion of underage students (81 percent) who drank was higher than the proportion of legal age students who drank (75 percent). Of 17 problems related to drinking, all but 5 remained stable over the time periods. Three of the problems represent the continuum of an established trend of fewer students to indicating drinking and driving-related problems. As discussed in this paper, creative alcohol programming can assist in controlling alcohol abuse among college students.
自20世纪30年代中期以来，对有关大学生饮酒模式及问题的文献进行的广泛综述显示，在过去几十年里没有发生根本性变化。然而，在过去10年中，大学生中与饮酒及酒后驾车相关的饮酒行为和问题已逐渐减少。一项针对美国56所相同院校学生的研究结果（1982 - 1983年有3145名学生，1984 - 1985年有2797名学生，1987 - 1988年有3375名学生）表明，由于全国范围内购买酒精饮料最低年龄的提高，大学生饮酒模式和问题几乎没有变化。在法律变更期间饮酒的学生比例有所下降。然而，随着时间的推移，被归类为重度饮酒者的学生比例保持不变，且未成年饮酒学生（81%）的比例高于达到法定年龄饮酒学生（75%）的比例。在与饮酒相关的17个问题中，除了5个问题外，其他问题在各时间段内均保持稳定。其中三个问题代表了一种既定趋势的延续，即表示存在与酒后驾车相关问题的学生越来越少。如本文所讨论的，有创意的酒精教育计划有助于控制大学生中的酒精滥用问题。
