Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2020;35:99-108. doi: 10.21775/cimb.035.099. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
Precise location of proteins at a given time within a cell is essential to convey specific signals and result in a relevant functional outcome. Small ubiquitin-like modifications, such as ubiquitin and SUMO, represent a delicate and diverse way to transiently regulate intracellular trafficking events of existing proteins in cells. Trafficking of multiple proteins is controlled reversibly by ubiquitin and/or SUMO directly or indirectly via regulation of transport machinery components. Regulation is dynamic and multilayered, involving active crosstalk and interdependence between post-translational modifications. However, in most cases regulation appears very complex, and the mechanistic details regarding how ubiquitin and SUMO control protein location in cells are not yet fully understood. Moreover, most of the findings still lack in vivo evidence in multicellular organisms.
蛋白质在细胞内特定时间的精确位置对于传递特定信号和产生相关功能结果至关重要。小泛素样修饰物，如泛素和 SUMO，代表了一种微妙而多样的方式，可以暂时调节细胞内现有蛋白质的细胞内运输事件。多种蛋白质的运输可以通过泛素和/或 SUMO 直接或间接通过调节运输机制成分进行可逆调节。调节是动态的和多层次的，涉及到翻译后修饰之间的主动串扰和相互依存关系。然而，在大多数情况下，调节似乎非常复杂，而且关于泛素和 SUMO 如何控制细胞内蛋白质位置的机制细节尚未完全理解。此外，大多数发现仍然缺乏多细胞生物体内的体内证据。
