School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019 Aug 19;29:e44. doi: 10.1017/S2045796019000386.
Despite the frequency that refugees suffer bereavement, there is a dearth of research into the prevalence and predictors of problematic grief reactions in refugees. To address this gap, this study reports a nationally representative population-based study of refugees to determine the prevalence of probable prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and its associated problems.
This study recruited participants from the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) prospective cohort study of refugees admitted to Australia between October 2013 and February 2014. The current data were collected in 2015-2016, and comprised 1767 adults, as well as 411 children of the adult respondents. Adult refugees were assessed for trauma history, post-migration difficulties, probable PGD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental illness. Children were administered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
In this cohort, 38.1% of refugees reported bereavement, of whom 15.8% reported probable PGD; this represents 6.0% of the entire cohort. Probable PGD was associated with a greater likelihood of mental illness, probable PTSD, severe mental illness, currently unemployed and reported disability. Children of refugees with probable PGD reported more psychological difficulties than those whose parents did not have probable PGD. Probable PGD was also associated with the history of imprisonment, torture and separation from family. Only 56.3% of refugees with probable PGD had received psychological assistance.
Bereavement and probable PGD appear highly prevalent in refugees, and PGD seems to be associated with disability in the refugees and psychological problems in their children. The low rate of access to mental health assistance for these refugees highlights that there is a need to address this issue in refugee populations.
尽管难民经历丧亲之痛的频率很高，但对于难民中问题性悲伤反应的患病率和预测因素的研究却很少。为了弥补这一空白，本研究报告了一项针对难民的全国代表性人群研究，以确定可能的延长悲伤障碍（PGD）的患病率及其相关问题。
本研究从澳大利亚的“新生活建设”（BNLA）前瞻性难民队列研究中招募参与者，该研究纳入了 2013 年 10 月至 2014 年 2 月期间抵达澳大利亚的难民。目前的数据收集于 2015-2016 年，包括 1767 名成年人以及 411 名成年人受访者的子女。对成年难民进行创伤史、移民后困难、可能的 PGD、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和精神疾病评估。对儿童进行了《长处和困难问卷》评估。
在该队列中，38.1%的难民报告了丧亲之痛，其中 15.8%报告了可能的 PGD；这代表了整个队列的 6.0%。可能的 PGD 与精神疾病、可能的 PTSD、严重精神疾病、当前失业和报告残疾的可能性更大相关。有 PGD 可能的难民的子女比其父母没有 PGD 可能的子女报告了更多的心理困难。PGD 可能还与监禁、酷刑和与家人分离的历史有关。只有 56.3%的有 PGD 可能的难民接受了心理援助。
丧亲和可能的 PGD 在难民中似乎非常普遍，PGD 似乎与难民的残疾和他们孩子的心理问题有关。这些难民获得心理健康援助的比例很低，这表明需要在难民群体中解决这个问题。
