Kokou-Kpolou Cyrille Kossigan, Moukouta Charlemagne Simplice, Masson Joanic, Bernoussi Amal, Cénat Jude Mary, Bacqué Marie-Frédérique
Department of Psychology, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
Department of Psychology, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Apr 15;267:171-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.026. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
With conflict driving millions of refugees away from their homes worldwide, there has been an increase in interest in the field of refugee trauma. However, while trauma and bereavement interlink, prior studies have focused on trauma and its related disorders (PTSD) and predictive factors. This paper reviewed up-to-date literature on the prevalence rates of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), its comorbidities, and associated risk factors among adult refugees.
We systematically reviewed the literature using five databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Elite, and PubMed). The process of study selection was designed according to PRISMA guidelines.
The initial search generated 126 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of PGD was 33.2% (95% CI: 15.2-54.2%). Being an older refugee, traumatic and multiple losses implying the death of first-degree relatives appeared to be consistent risk factors for PGD, combined PTSD/PGD, depression, idioms of distress, and functional impairment. PGD, PTSD, and PTSD/PGD intersect on PTSD-intrusions and painful memories.
All included studies adopted a cross-sectional design, thus limiting the understanding of causal pathways.
Our findings showed that the high prevalence of PGD and related comorbidities were influenced by the load of traumatic circumstances surrounding the death(s). The findings shed light on the current proposed grief-related diagnostic criteria . Psychopathological and transcultural aspects are discussed, and we provide concrete recommendations for improvements to future research in this field.
随着冲突导致全球数百万难民背井离乡，人们对难民创伤领域的兴趣与日俱增。然而，尽管创伤和丧亲之痛相互关联，但先前的研究主要集中在创伤及其相关障碍（创伤后应激障碍）和预测因素上。本文回顾了关于成年难民中持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）的患病率、共病情况及相关危险因素的最新文献。
我们使用五个数据库（PsycINFO、PsycARTICLES、心理学与行为科学合集、学术搜索精英版和PubMed）对文献进行了系统回顾。研究选择过程按照PRISMA指南进行设计。
初步检索共得到126篇文章，其中12篇符合纳入标准。PGD的合并患病率为33.2%（95%置信区间：15.2 - 54.2%）。作为年长的难民、经历创伤性和多重丧失（意味着一级亲属死亡）似乎是PGD、合并创伤后应激障碍/PGD、抑郁症、痛苦表达方式和功能障碍的一致危险因素。PGD、创伤后应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍/PGD在创伤后应激障碍的侵入性症状和痛苦记忆方面存在交叉。
所有纳入研究均采用横断面设计，因此限制了对因果途径的理解。
我们的研究结果表明，PGD及相关共病的高患病率受到围绕死亡的创伤情况负担的影响。这些发现为当前提出的与悲伤相关的诊断标准提供了启示。讨论了心理病理学和跨文化方面，并为该领域未来研究的改进提供了具体建议。
