用于多重耐药革兰氏阳性微生物的新型抗生素
Novel Antibiotics for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Microorganisms.
作者信息
Koulenti Despoina, Xu Elena, Mok Isaac Yin Sum, Song Andrew, Karageorgopoulos Drosos E, Armaganidis Apostolos, Lipman Jeffrey, Tsiodras Sotirios
机构信息
UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
2nd Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.
出版信息
Microorganisms. 2019 Aug 18;7(8):270. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7080270.
Increasing multidrug-resistance to Gram-positive pathogens, particularly to staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, is a major problem, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. In recent years, only a small number of novel antibiotics effective against Gram-positive bacteria has been approved. This review will discuss the current evidence for novel branded antibiotics that are highly effective in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections by Gram-positive pathogens, namely ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, tedizolid, besifloxacin, delafloxacin, ozenoxacin, and omadacycline. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, microbiological spectrum, efficacy and safety profile will be concisely presented. As for any emerging antibiotic agent, resistance is likely to develop against these highly effective antibiotics. Only through appropriate dosing, utilization and careful resistance development monitoring will these novel antibiotics continue to treat Gram-positive pathogens in the future.
对革兰氏阳性病原体，尤其是葡萄球菌、肠球菌和链球菌的多重耐药性不断增加，是一个重大问题，导致了显著的发病率、死亡率和医疗成本。近年来，仅有少数对革兰氏阳性菌有效的新型抗生素获得批准。本综述将讨论目前关于新型品牌抗生素的证据，这些抗生素在治疗革兰氏阳性病原体引起的多重耐药感染方面非常有效，即头孢比普、头孢洛林、特拉万星、奥利万星、达巴万星、特地唑胺、贝西沙星、德拉沙星、奥泽沙星和奥马环素。将简要介绍其作用机制、药代动力学、微生物谱、疗效和安全性。与任何新出现的抗生素一样，这些高效抗生素可能会产生耐药性。只有通过适当的给药、使用和仔细监测耐药性的发展，这些新型抗生素才能在未来继续用于治疗革兰氏阳性病原体。
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