Hraber Peter, O'Maille Paul E, Silberfarb Andrew, Davis-Anderson Katie, Generous Nicholas, McMahon Benjamin H, Fair Jeanne M
Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Biosciences Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2020 Jan;38(1):113-127. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Viral proteins evade host immune function by molecular mimicry, often achieved by short linear motifs (SLiMs) of three to ten consecutive amino acids (AAs). Motif mimicry tolerates mutations, evolves quickly to modify interactions with the host, and enables modular interactions with protein complexes. Host cells cannot easily coordinate changes to conserved motif recognition and binding interfaces under selective pressure to maintain critical signaling pathways. SLiMs offer potential for use in synthetic biology, such as better immunogens and therapies, but may also present biosecurity challenges. We survey viral uses of SLiMs to mimic host proteins, and information resources available for motif discovery. As the number of examples continues to grow, knowledge management tools are essential to help organize and compare new findings.
病毒蛋白通过分子模拟来逃避宿主免疫功能，这通常是由三到十个连续氨基酸（AAs）的短线性基序（SLiMs）实现的。基序模拟能够耐受突变，迅速进化以改变与宿主的相互作用，并实现与蛋白质复合物的模块化相互作用。在选择性压力下，宿主细胞难以协调保守基序识别和结合界面的变化以维持关键信号通路。SLiMs在合成生物学中具有应用潜力，例如可用于制备更好的免疫原和治疗方法，但也可能带来生物安全挑战。我们综述了病毒利用SLiMs模拟宿主蛋白的情况以及可用于基序发现的信息资源。随着此类例子数量的不断增加，知识管理工具对于帮助整理和比较新发现至关重要。
