Nayernia Leila, van de Vijver Ruben, Indefrey Peter
Abteilung für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Institut für Sprache und Information, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2019 Dec;48(6):1391-1406. doi: 10.1007/s10936-019-09664-9.
This study investigated whether the phonological representation of a word is modulated by its orthographic representation in case of a mismatch between the two representations. Such a mismatch is found in Persian, where short vowels are represented phonemically but not orthographically. Persian adult literates, Persian adult illiterates, and German adult literates were presented with two auditory tasks, an AX-discrimination task and a reversal task. We assumed that if orthographic representations influence phonological representations, Persian literates should perform worse than Persian illiterates or German literates on items with short vowels in these tasks. The results of the discrimination tasks showed that Persian literates and illiterates as well as German literates were approximately equally competent in discriminating short vowels in Persian words and pseudowords. Persian literates did not well discriminate German words containing phonemes that differed only in vowel length. German literates performed relatively poorly in discriminating German homographic words that differed only in vowel length. Persian illiterates were unable to perform the reversal task in Persian. The results of the other two participant groups in the reversal task showed the predicted poorer performance of Persian literates on Persian items containing short vowels compared to items containing long vowels only. German literates did not show this effect in German. Our results suggest two distinct effects of orthography on phonemic representations: whereas the lack of orthographic representations seems to affect phonemic awareness, homography seems to affect the discriminability of phonemic representations.
本研究调查了在单词的语音表征与正字法表征不匹配的情况下，正字法表征是否会对语音表征产生调节作用。这种不匹配在波斯语中存在，波斯语中的短元音有语音学上的表示，但在正字法中没有。我们让波斯语成年识字者、波斯语成年文盲和德语成年识字者完成两项听觉任务，即AX辨别任务和反转任务。我们假设，如果正字法表征会影响语音表征，那么在这些任务中，波斯语识字者在处理带有短元音的项目时，表现应该比波斯语文盲或德语识字者更差。辨别任务的结果表明，波斯语识字者和文盲以及德语识字者在辨别波斯语单词和伪词中的短元音方面能力大致相当。波斯语识字者在辨别仅元音长度不同的德语单词时表现不佳。德语识字者在辨别仅元音长度不同的德语同形词时表现相对较差。波斯语文盲无法完成波斯语的反转任务。反转任务中其他两组参与者的结果表明，与仅包含长元音的项目相比，波斯语识字者在处理包含短元音的波斯语项目时表现出预期的较差表现。德语识字者在德语中未表现出这种效应。我们的结果表明正字法对音素表征有两种不同的影响：缺乏正字法表征似乎会影响音素意识，而同形现象似乎会影响音素表征的可辨别性。
