Texas Tech University, Psychological Sciences, Box 42051, Lubbock, TX 79409.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2019 Aug 20;80(5):18m12347. doi: 10.4088/JCP.18m12347.
With nearly 11 million people in the United States arrested in 2015, the need to identify antecedent risk factors driving criminal justice involvement (CJI) and possible mitigating factors is crucial. This study examines the relation between childhood trauma and CJI in adolescence and adulthood and assesses how this relation is moderated by mentoring during young adulthood.
The analysis included 3 waves of data-adolescents, young adults, and adults-collected from 1995 to 2008 from 12,288 adolescents who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of adolescents in grades 7 to 12. Logistic regression was used to examine how having a close mentor in adolescence moderated the relation between criminal justice involvement and 9 childhood traumatic events: (1) neglect, (2) emotional abuse, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual abuse, (5) parental incarceration, (6) parental binge drinking, (7) witnessed violence, (8) threatened with violence, and (9) experienced violence.
Cumulative exposure to childhood trauma was associated with CJI in adolescence (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] ranging from 2.24 to 25.98) and adulthood (AOR range, 1.82-6.69), and parental incarceration was consistently one of the, if not the, most strongly associated with each form of CJI; the strength of these associations was weakened for those who reported a close mentor compared to those who did not.
This study advances the literature regarding trauma and CJI, highlighting the role of social support and mentorship as protective factors for youth who experience childhood trauma. Interventions aimed at protecting vulnerable children from the harms of trauma should be the next priority.
2015 年，美国有近 1100 万人被捕，因此，确定导致刑事司法介入（CJI）的先前风险因素和可能的缓解因素至关重要。本研究探讨了童年创伤与青少年和成年期 CJI 之间的关系，并评估了在成年早期获得指导对这种关系的调节作用。
该分析包括 3 波数据——青少年、年轻成人和成人，这些数据是从 1995 年至 2008 年从 12288 名参与全国青少年纵向健康研究的青少年中收集的，这是一项针对 7 至 12 年级青少年的全国代表性研究。使用逻辑回归来检验在青少年时期是否有一个亲密的导师，来调节刑事司法介入与 9 种童年创伤事件之间的关系：（1）忽视，（2）情感虐待，（3）身体虐待，（4）性虐待，（5）父母监禁，（6）父母酗酒，（7）目睹暴力，（8）受到暴力威胁，（9）经历暴力。
童年期累积暴露于创伤与青少年时期（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 范围为 2.24 至 25.98）和成年时期（AOR 范围为 1.82 至 6.69）的 CJI 相关，父母监禁一直是与每种形式的 CJI 最相关的因素之一；与没有导师的人相比，报告有亲密导师的人，这些关联的强度会减弱。
本研究推进了关于创伤和 CJI 的文献，强调了社会支持和指导作为保护经历童年创伤的年轻人的保护因素的作用。旨在保护弱势儿童免受创伤伤害的干预措施应成为下一个优先事项。
