Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; email:
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2019 Aug 21;39:21-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124250.
Variants in the gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive function. Studies on variations in the genecluster provided some of the first examples for marked gene-diet interactions in modulating complex phenotypes, such as eczema, asthma, and cognition. Genotype distribution differs markedly among ethnicities, apparently reflecting an evolutionary advantage of genotypes enabling active long-chain PUFA synthesis when the introduction of agriculture provided diets rich in linoleic acid but with little arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Discovering differential effects of PUFA supply that depend on variation of genotypes could open new opportunities for developing precision nutrition strategies based either on an individual's genotype or on genotype distributions in specific populations.
基因簇中的变体改变了多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）去饱和作用的活性和人血液和组织中的脂质组成。变体与血浆脂质浓度、心血管疾病风险、超重、湿疹、妊娠结局和认知功能有关。对基因簇中变异的研究提供了一些最早的例子，说明基因-饮食相互作用在调节复杂表型方面的显著作用，如湿疹、哮喘和认知。基因型在不同种族之间的分布差异显著，这显然反映了基因型的进化优势，即在引入农业提供富含亚油酸但几乎不含花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的饮食时，能够积极合成长链 PUFA。发现依赖于基因 基因型变化的 PUFA 供应的差异效应，可能为基于个体基因型或特定人群基因型分布开发精准营养策略提供新的机会。
