Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA.
School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, USA.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2024 May;48(4):479-485. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2628. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
Extracellular vesicles in human milk are critical in supporting newborn growth and development. Bioavailability of dietary extracellular vesicles may depend on the composition of membrane lipids. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster impact the content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk phospholipids. This study investigated the relation between variation in FADS1 and FADS2 with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in extracellular vesicles from human milk.
Milk was obtained from a cohort of mothers (N = 70) at 2-4 weeks of lactation. SNPs in the FADS gene locus were determined using pyrosequencing for rs174546 in FADS1 and rs174575 in FADS2. Quantitative lipidomic analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and extracellular vesicles from human milk was completed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
The rs174546 and rs174575 genotypes were independent predictors of the arachidonic acid content in extracellular vesicles. The rs174546 genotype also predicted eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in extracellular vesicles. The reduced content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in extracellular vesicles in human milk may be due to lower fatty acid desaturase activity in mothers who are carriers of the A allele in rs174546 or the G allele in rs174575.
The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of milk extracellular vesicles is predicted by the FADS genotype. These findings yield novel insights regarding extracellular vesicle content and composition that can inform the design of future research to explore how lipid metabolites impact the bioavailability of human milk extracellular vesicles.
人乳中的细胞外囊泡对于支持新生儿的生长和发育至关重要。膳食细胞外囊泡的生物利用度可能取决于膜脂质的组成。脂肪酸去饱和酶基因簇中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）影响人乳磷脂中长链多不饱和脂肪酸的含量。本研究调查了 FADS1 和 FADS2 中的变异与人乳细胞外囊泡中多不饱和脂肪酸含量之间的关系。
在哺乳期的 2-4 周内从一组母亲（N=70）获得乳汁。使用焦磷酸测序法测定 FADS 基因座中的 SNP，用于 FADS1 的 rs174546 和 FADS2 的 rs174575。通过气相色谱-质谱法完成人乳和人乳细胞外囊泡中多不饱和脂肪酸的定量脂质组学分析。
rs174546 和 rs174575 基因型是细胞外囊泡中花生四烯酸含量的独立预测因子。rs174546 基因型也预测了细胞外囊泡中的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。人乳细胞外囊泡中长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低可能是由于携带 rs174546 的 A 等位基因或 rs174575 的 G 等位基因的母亲的脂肪酸去饱和酶活性较低所致。
FADS 基因型预测了乳细胞外囊泡中多不饱和脂肪酸的组成。这些发现为细胞外囊泡的内容物和组成提供了新的见解，可以为未来的研究提供信息，以探索脂质代谢物如何影响人乳细胞外囊泡的生物利用度。
