Department of Rural Health and Wellbeing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV3 3JH, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 20;16(16):3004. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16163004.
Green exercise studies have tended to use walking as a modality of exercise to establish benefits to mental health. Whether green exercise benefits translate into different forms of green exercise has been deemed an important research gap. A mixed-methods study design was used to compare psychological responses between two forms of green exercise; golf and walking. A total of 20 participants (10 in each group), with a range of ages and experience were recruited to take part in the study. Participants in the walking condition exhibited significantly greater levels of dissociative cognitions than golf condition participants. Consequently, only the walking condition significantly improved in a directed attention test. Results from the Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory questionnaire found the walking condition demonstrated increases in all four subscales, whereas the golf condition showed no significant improvements. Based on the findings from the qualitative analysis, distinct differences were seen with regards to the perception of the environment. Participants in the golf condition noted natural elements as obstacles to effective performance, whereas the walking group noted natural stimuli as evoking positive feelings. In agreement with the Attention Restoration Theory, the current study demonstrates that the benefits of green exercise are somewhat reduced when greater levels of directed attention towards the activity are exhibited during green exercise.
绿色运动研究倾向于将散步作为一种运动方式，以确立其对心理健康的益处。绿色运动的益处是否能转化为不同形式的绿色运动，这一直被认为是一个重要的研究空白。本研究采用混合方法设计，比较了两种绿色运动形式——高尔夫和散步——的心理反应。共有 20 名参与者（每组 10 名），年龄和经验范围不同，被招募参加这项研究。与高尔夫组参与者相比，散步组参与者表现出明显更高水平的分离认知。因此，只有散步组在定向注意力测试中显著改善。运动诱发的感觉量表的结果发现，散步组在所有四个分量表上都有增加，而高尔夫组则没有显著改善。根据定性分析的结果，对于环境的感知存在明显的差异。高尔夫组的参与者将自然元素视为有效表现的障碍，而散步组的参与者则将自然刺激视为引发积极感觉的因素。与注意力恢复理论一致，本研究表明，当绿色运动中表现出更高水平的定向注意力时，绿色运动的益处会有所降低。
