Schachat Sandra R
Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
J Morphol. 2019 Nov;280(11):1651-1667. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21055. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Two simple models have been successfully applied to predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in various lineages of Lepidoptera. However, neither of these models holds for the geometrid genus Hydriomena Hübner, 1825. Wing patterns in Hydriomena were studied intensively during the 1920s after the description of the nymphalid groundplan, an idealized schematic that outlines the primary elements of butterfly wing patterns; geometrids strongly resemble butterflies and, until recently, were considered to be among their closest relatives. The evolution of wing pattern in Geometridae has been neglected since the 1930s. Here, the relationship between wing pattern and venation is examined for Hydriomena costipunctata Barnes and McDunnough, 1912 and the Hydriomena speciosata (Packard, 1873) group. These two lineages have some of the simplest wing patterns in Hydriomena, consisting of large, well-defined dark and light pattern elements. The relationship between wing pattern and venation varies considerably within and between these lineages and can even vary between the right and left wings on the same individual. Although many different wing patterns were observed among the individuals examined for this study, not one can be reconciled with either of the models that successfully predict the relationship between wing pattern and venation in many other groups of Lepidoptera. This suggests that bands occurring on the wings of Hydriomena are not homologous with those on the wings of butterflies or of Acronictinae (Macroheterocera: Noctuidae), the only other two obtectomeran lineages for which the relationship between wing pattern and venation has been examined in recent years.
两个简单的模型已成功应用于预测鳞翅目各谱系中翅脉纹与翅脉之间的关系。然而，这两个模型都不适用于尺蛾属Hydriomena Hübner，1825。在1920年代，在描述了蛱蝶科的基本模式（一种勾勒蝴蝶翅脉纹主要元素的理想化示意图）之后，对Hydriomena的翅脉纹进行了深入研究；尺蛾与蝴蝶非常相似，直到最近，它们还被认为是蝴蝶最亲近的亲属之一。自20世纪30年代以来，尺蛾科翅脉纹的进化一直被忽视。在此，研究了Hydriomena costipunctata Barnes和McDunnough，1912以及Hydriomena speciosata（Packard，1873）种群中翅脉纹与翅脉之间的关系。这两个谱系具有Hydriomena中一些最简单的翅脉纹，由大的、界限分明的深色和浅色图案元素组成。翅脉纹与翅脉之间的关系在这些谱系内部和之间有很大差异，甚至在同一个体的左右翅之间也会有所不同。尽管在本研究中检查的个体中观察到了许多不同的翅脉纹，但没有一种能与成功预测许多其他鳞翅目类群中翅脉纹与翅脉之间关系的任何一个模型相契合。这表明Hydriomena翅膀上出现的条带与蝴蝶或Acronictinae（大异角亚目：夜蛾科）翅膀上的条带不同源，Acronictinae是近年来仅有的另外两个已研究翅脉纹与翅脉之间关系的被蛹类谱系。
