Dosimeters of human exposure to carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-macromolecular adducts.

The metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example benzo[a]pyrene, leads to the formation of carcinogen-macromolecular adducts. Methods that make it possible to detect low levels of these adducts in human peripheral blood samples should be useful in the dosimetry of human exposure to carcinogens. We demonstrated previously the usefulness of enzyme immunoassays and of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) for detecting and characterizing low levels of PAH-macromolecular adducts present in synthetic adduct mixtures. These methods have now been refined and applied to the analysis of samples of peripheral blood collected from occupationally exposed individuals (coke-oven workers) and from people attending smoking cessation clinics. The results of both immunoassays and SFS show the presence of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA, BPDE-haemoglobin and other putative PAH-macromolecular adducts in peripheral blood samples from certain individuals.