Satow R
Psychoanal Rev. 1988 Fall;75(3):443-57.
While we can explain significant differences in social mobility between different occupational categories in terms of the economic and social resources made available to them, in order to understand those who deviate from the statistical mode we need to look at the unconscious meaning of "success" and "failure." Beatrice, Dave, and Sally are all children of professional families and yet have great difficulty being successful at work. Their difficulties with work are multi-determined and there are oedipal and preoedipal issues involved. However, in the case of Beatrice the issues are predominantly oedipal, while in the other cases the issues are primarily preoedipal. It seems that while the common oedipal themes inhibiting productive work and work satisfaction have been discussed in psychoanalytic literature under the rubric "work inhibition," albeit to a small extent, the preoedipal themes have been given less attention. This is because the traditional concept of "inhibition" has taken such a central place in the psychoanalytic perspective on work. The concept of "work inhibition" has paralyzed the development of a broader psychoanalytic framework for the analysis of work problems. As long as we limit our discussions of problems with work to the term "inhibition," they will focus on the oedipal problems of neurotic patients and a large gap will remain between theory and clinical experience because a large number of our patients have difficulties with work that are rooted in preoedipal issues. Unless we can stop being "inhibited" by the very concept, our theoretical understanding of problems with work will continue to lag behind our clinical understanding. "Work inhibition" is not the only type of major problem with work patients can have--they can be the result of a variety of dynamics on either oedipal or preoedipal levels.
虽然我们可以从不同职业类别可获得的经济和社会资源方面来解释社会流动性的显著差异，但为了理解那些偏离统计模式的人，我们需要审视“成功”和“失败”的无意识含义。比阿特丽斯、戴夫和萨利都是专业家庭的孩子，但在工作中却很难取得成功。他们工作上的困难是由多种因素决定的，涉及俄狄浦斯期和前俄狄浦斯期问题。然而，就比阿特丽斯而言，问题主要是俄狄浦斯期的，而在其他情况下，问题主要是前俄狄浦斯期的。似乎虽然精神分析文献中在“工作抑制”这一标题下讨论了抑制生产性工作和工作满意度的常见俄狄浦斯期主题，尽管讨论程度有限，但前俄狄浦斯期主题受到的关注较少。这是因为“抑制”的传统概念在精神分析对工作的观点中占据了如此核心的地位。“工作抑制”的概念阻碍了一个更广泛的精神分析框架的发展，以用于分析工作问题。只要我们将对工作问题的讨论局限于“抑制”这个术语，它们就会聚焦于神经症患者的俄狄浦斯期问题，理论与临床经验之间就会存在很大差距，因为我们的许多患者在工作中遇到的困难源于前俄狄浦斯期问题。除非我们能不再被这个概念本身“抑制”，否则我们对工作问题的理论理解将继续落后于临床理解。“工作抑制”不是患者在工作中可能出现的唯一一类主要问题——它们可能是俄狄浦斯期或前俄狄浦斯期层面各种动力的结果。
