Zheng Li-Fang, Chen Pei-Jie, Xiao Wei-Hua
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2019 Aug 25;71(4):671-679.
The skeletal muscle mass accounts for more than 40% of the body weight of healthy adults. The skeletal muscle not only plays an important role in physical activities but also affects the function of other organs as a secretory organ secreting multiple muscle factors. Therefore, it is important to maintain the normal quantity and function of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle mass is the basis of skeletal muscle function and is often affected by many factors such as exercise and disease. Resistance exercise training induces increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells, while limb disuse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cachexia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and many other pathological conditions lead to decreased protein synthesis or enhanced protein degradation of skeletal muscle cells. The process of skeletal muscle hypertrophy involves changes in multiple signaling pathways, such as IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, myostatin and G protein. On the other hand, activations of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, IGF-1/Akt/FoxO, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, NF-κB, and the glucocorticoid-mediated signaling pathways play important roles in regulating muscle atrophy. These signaling pathways regulate skeletal muscle mass and are modulated by some different conditions. This review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways of skeletal muscle mass control.
骨骼肌质量占健康成年人体重的40%以上。骨骼肌不仅在身体活动中起重要作用，而且作为分泌多种肌肉因子的分泌器官，还影响其他器官的功能。因此，维持骨骼肌的正常数量和功能很重要。骨骼肌质量是骨骼肌功能的基础，常受运动和疾病等多种因素影响。抗阻运动训练可诱导骨骼肌细胞内蛋白质合成增加，而肢体废用、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心力衰竭、慢性肾脏病、恶病质、杜氏肌营养不良症等多种病理状态会导致骨骼肌细胞内蛋白质合成减少或蛋白质降解增强。骨骼肌肥大过程涉及多种信号通路的变化，如胰岛素样生长因子-1/磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B、肌生成抑制素和G蛋白。另一方面，泛素-蛋白酶体系统、胰岛素样生长因子-1/蛋白激酶B/叉头框蛋白O、自噬-溶酶体途径、核因子κB以及糖皮质激素介导的信号通路的激活在调节肌肉萎缩中起重要作用。这些信号通路调节骨骼肌质量，并受到一些不同条件的调节。本文综述简要总结了骨骼肌质量控制的信号通路。
