Ali Abbas, Radwan Mohamed M, Wanas Amira S, Khan Ikhlas A
National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2018 Dec;34(4):272-280. doi: 10.2987/18-6751.1.
In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes, carrot seed essential oil showed high repellency. The gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detector and GC/mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of 47 compounds. Carotol was more than 75% w/w, followed by muurolene (4.86%), ()-β-farnesene (2.9%), and diepicedrene (1.1%). Systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil was performed to identify active repellent compounds. In both Klun and Debboun (K&D) and Ali and Khan (A&K) bioassays, carotol showed biting deterrent activity similar to ,-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and carrot seed essential oil against both and , while in in vivo cloth patch bioassay, the minimum effective dose (MED) of deet was lower (12.5 μg/cm) than the essential oil and carotol (25 μg/cm) against . In the A&K bioassay, the MED values were similar, whereas the values of the mixtures of deet with essential oil and carotol was lower (6.25 + 6.25 = 12.5 μg/cm) than their individual treatments (25 μg/cm). In direct skin application bioassay, both the essential oil and carotol provided good repellency. The mixtures of deet and essential oil or carotol significantly increased the residual activity, indicating synergism. Mosquito repellency of the essential oil and carotol is reported for the 1st time. These data indicate the potential of these natural products to be developed as commercial repellents.
在我们针对蚊子的天然产物筛选项目中，胡萝卜籽精油显示出高驱避性。该精油的气相色谱（GC）/火焰离子化检测器和GC/质谱分析表明存在47种化合物。胡萝卜醇含量超过75%（w/w），其次是古巴烯（4.86%）、（）-β-法尼烯（2.9%）和双环姜黄烯（1.1%）。对该精油进行了系统的生物测定导向分级分离，以鉴定具有活性的驱避化合物。在Klun和Debboun（K&D）以及Ali和Khan（A&K）生物测定中，胡萝卜醇对致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊均显示出与N,N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺（避蚊胺）及胡萝卜籽精油相似的叮咬威慑活性，而在体内布片生物测定中，避蚊胺针对致倦库蚊的最低有效剂量（MED）（12.5μg/cm²）低于精油和胡萝卜醇（25μg/cm²）。在A&K生物测定中，MED值相似，而避蚊胺与精油及胡萝卜醇混合物的值（6.25 + 6.25 = 12.5μg/cm²）低于其单独处理的值（25μg/cm²）。在直接皮肤涂抹生物测定中，精油和胡萝卜醇均具有良好的驱避性。避蚊胺与精油或胡萝卜醇的混合物显著提高了残留活性，表明存在协同作用。首次报道了该精油和胡萝卜醇的驱蚊效果。这些数据表明这些天然产物具有开发成商业驱避剂的潜力。
