Becker Norbert, Ludwig Mario, Su Tianyun
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2018 Jun;34(2):154-157. doi: 10.2987/17-6694.1.
subsp. () has been widely and solely used against floodwater mosquitoes, mostly , for 36 years in the Upper Rhine Valley by the German Mosquito Control Association. During this period, almost 5,000 tons of formulations were applied to an area of approximately 400,000 ha. To investigate a possible resistance development after such a long-term and widespread application of , the susceptibility of larvae to in 3 untreated (Lake Constance) and 6 treated areas on both sides of the Rhine within the Upper Rhine Valley was assessed by bioassays following World Health Organization guidelines. Comparing log-probit analyses, it was shown that neither the median lethal concentration (LC values) nor slopes of the probit lines of bioassays of the larvae deriving from treated and untreated areas showed significant differences. These results have been confirmed by resistance ratios, which varied from 0.80 to 1.12 in all tests. The results provided the evidence that no restistance in the target species has developed in the areas of the Upper Rhine Valley, despite the large-scale use of for 36 years.
亚种（）已被德国灭蚊协会在上莱茵河谷广泛且专门用于防治洪水蚊，主要是，长达36年。在此期间，约5000吨制剂被施用于约40万公顷的区域。为调查在如此长期且广泛施用后是否可能产生抗性，按照世界卫生组织指南通过生物测定评估了上莱茵河谷莱茵河两岸3个未处理区域（康斯坦茨湖）和6个处理区域的幼虫对的敏感性。比较对数概率分析表明，来自处理区域和未处理区域的幼虫生物测定的中位致死浓度（LC值）和概率线斜率均未显示出显著差异。这些结果已通过抗性比率得到证实，在所有测试中抗性比率从0.80到1.12不等。结果表明，尽管已大规模使用36年，但在上莱茵河谷地区目标物种中未产生抗性。
