College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Water Res. 2019 Nov 15;165:114976. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114976. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
Disinfection is a key step in drinking water treatment process to prevent water-borne infections. However, reactions between chlorine, one of the most common disinfectants, and natural organic matter (NOM) often lead to the formation of hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, the cytotoxicity of some DBPs is still poorly understood. Such knowledge is critical for proper selection of disinfection processes. We investigated the effects of DBPs on mouse acute liver injury. The exacerbation of liver damage increased with the DBPs concentrations, likely due to the increased hepatic macrophages. Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloketones (HKs) are more toxic to Human Hepatocellular (Hep3B) cells than trihalomethanes (THMs). Cytotoxicity of DBPs were governed by the halogen type (brominated DBPs > chlorinated DBPs) and the numbers of halogen atoms per molecule. Then, we used the pilot-scale WDS to study the best conditions for reducing the formation of DBPs. The result showed that the formation of DBPs followed the order: stainless-steel (SS) > ductile iron (DI) > polyethylene (PE) pipe. Higher flowrate promoted the formation of DBPs in all three pipes. The results suggest that the formation of DBPs in chlorine disinfection can be reduced by using PE pipes and low flow rate in water distribution systems (WDS).
消毒是饮用水处理过程中的关键步骤，可防止水源性感染。然而，氯（最常用的消毒剂之一）与天然有机物（NOM）之间的反应常常导致有害消毒副产物（DBPs）的形成。然而，一些 DBPs 的细胞毒性仍知之甚少。这种知识对于正确选择消毒过程至关重要。我们研究了 DBPs 对小鼠急性肝损伤的影响。肝损伤的加剧随着 DBPs 浓度的增加而增加，这可能是由于肝巨噬细胞的增加所致。卤乙腈（HANs）和卤代酮（HKs）对人肝癌细胞（Hep3B）的毒性比三卤甲烷（THMs）更强。DBPs 的细胞毒性受卤素类型（溴代 DBPs＞氯代 DBPs）和每个分子中卤素原子的数量控制。然后，我们使用中试规模的 WDS 研究了减少 DBPs 形成的最佳条件。结果表明，DBPs 的形成顺序为：不锈钢（SS）＞球墨铸铁（DI）＞聚乙烯（PE）管。在所有三种管道中，较高的流速均促进了 DBPs 的形成。结果表明，在氯消毒中可以通过使用 PE 管和低流速来减少 DBPs 的形成。
