Department of Industrial Engineering & management, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Department of Industrial Engineering & management, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Nov;132:105267. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105267. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Drivers with higher proportion of hard braking events have greater potential to be involved in an accident. In this study, we tested if hard braking events might be accounted for by drivers' hazard perception (HP) ability. Our investigation was based on an original approach. Usually, researchers define hard braking according to a single deceleration threshold (e.g., g<-0.5). In this study, we chose different thresholds for hard braking (-0.25 to -0.6 g) and for each threshold, we examined the linkage between HP test (HPT) scores and the proportion of hard braking events. We hypothesized that this linkage would be stronger if the threshold that defines hard braking is higher. This is because the stronger the braking events, the higher the likelihood that they resulted from later detection of hazards and the lower the likelihood that they resulted from other causes (e.g., road humps). Thirty-three drivers completed an HPT and used a smartphone app that recorded their vehicle kinematics. We estimated the coefficient of HPT score in a series of binomial regression models on the proportion of hard braking events. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the coefficient of HPT score changed as a function of the threshold for hard braking. This finding was based on a significant negative Spearman correlation between the coefficients and the threshold and on linear functions that we derived from two binomial models that allowed the coefficient of HPT to vary according to the threshold. Our findings show that hard braking events are related to HP ability and can inform safety interventions in response to excessive proportion of hard braking events. In addition, they demonstrate that using a range of thresholds for hard braking is a practical tool in the study of hard braking events. From a theoretical perspective, our findings provide strong support to hazard perception theory.
急刹车事件发生率较高的驾驶员更有可能发生事故。在这项研究中,我们测试了驾驶员的危险感知(HP)能力是否可以解释急刹车事件。我们的研究基于一种原创方法。通常,研究人员根据单一减速度阈值(例如,g<-0.5)来定义急刹车。在这项研究中,我们为急刹车选择了不同的阈值(-0.25 至-0.6 g),并针对每个阈值,我们检查了 HP 测试(HPT)分数与急刹车事件比例之间的联系。我们假设,如果定义急刹车的阈值较高,则这种联系会更强。这是因为刹车力度越强,它们更有可能是由于对危险的后期检测导致的,而不太可能是由于其他原因(例如,道路凸块)导致的。33 名驾驶员完成了 HPT,并使用智能手机应用程序记录了车辆运动学。我们在一系列二项式回归模型中估计了 HPT 分数与急刹车事件比例的系数。根据我们的假设,我们发现 HPT 分数的系数随着急刹车阈值的变化而变化。这一发现基于 HPT 分数系数与阈值之间的显著负 Spearman 相关关系,以及我们从允许 HPT 系数根据阈值变化的两个二项式模型中得出的线性函数。我们的研究结果表明,急刹车事件与 HP 能力有关,并可以为应对急刹车事件比例过高的安全干预措施提供信息。此外,它们表明,使用一系列急刹车阈值是研究急刹车事件的实用工具。从理论角度来看,我们的研究结果为危险感知理论提供了有力支持。