Musicant Oren, Botzer Assaf, Richmond-Hacham Bar
Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ariel University, Ariel 4076414, Israel.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 23;24(18):6134. doi: 10.3390/s24186134.
Teleoperation services are expected to operate on-road and often in urban areas. In current teleoperation applications, teleoperators gain a higher viewpoint of the environment from a camera on the vehicle's roof. However, it is unclear how this viewpoint compares to a conventional viewpoint in terms of safety, efficiency, and mental workload. In the current study, teleoperators ( = 148) performed driving tasks in a simulated urban environment with a conventional viewpoint (i.e., the simulated camera was positioned inside the vehicle at the height of a driver's eyes) and a higher viewpoint (the simulated camera was positioned on the vehicle roof). The tasks required negotiating road geometry and other road users. At the end of the session, participants completed the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Results showed that participants completed most tasks faster with the higher viewpoint and reported lower frustration and mental demand. The camera position did not affect collision rates nor the probability of hard braking and steering events. We conclude that a viewpoint from the vehicle roof may improve teleoperation efficiency without compromising driving safety, while also lowering the teleoperators' mental workload.
远程操作服务预计将在道路上运行，且通常在城市地区。在当前的远程操作应用中，远程操作员通过车辆顶部的摄像头获得更高的环境视角。然而，就安全性、效率和心理负荷而言，这种视角与传统视角相比如何尚不清楚。在当前的研究中，148名远程操作员在模拟城市环境中执行驾驶任务，分别采用传统视角（即模拟摄像头位于车内驾驶员眼睛高度处）和更高视角（模拟摄像头位于车辆顶部）。任务包括应对道路几何形状和其他道路使用者。在实验结束时，参与者完成了NASA-TLX问卷。结果表明，采用更高视角时，参与者完成大多数任务的速度更快，且报告的挫败感和心理需求更低。摄像头位置对碰撞率以及急刹车和转向事件的概率没有影响。我们得出结论，车辆顶部的视角可能会提高远程操作效率，同时不影响驾驶安全，还能降低远程操作员的心理负荷。
