The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
Schizophr Res. 2019 Oct;212:62-71. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.010. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Impairment of prospective memory (PM) in schizophrenia has gained increasing attention. This meta-analysis systematically examined PM impairment in schizophrenia.
Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (WanFang, Chinese Biomedical and China Journal Net databases) databases were systematically searched from their inception until August 14, 2017. Case-control studies of PM in schizophrenia were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model.
Twenty-nine case-control studies (n = 2492) were included in the analyses. The overall and three subtypes of PM were compared between patients with schizophrenia (n = 1284) and healthy controls (n = 1208). Compared to healthy controls, patients performed significantly poorer in overall (SMD = -1.125), time-based (SMD = -1.155), event-based (SMD = -1.068), and activity-based PM (SMD = -0.563). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences between older and younger patients (SMD = -1.398 vs. -0.763), higher male predominance and no sex predominance (SMD = -1.679 vs. -0.800), lower and higher education level (SMD = -1.373 vs.-0.637), chronic and first-episode patients (SMD = -1.237 vs. -0.641) and between eco-valid and dual-task laboratory measurements (SMD = -1.542 vs. -0.725) regarding overall PM. Meta-regression analysis showed that higher negative symptom score was significantly associated with more severe overall PM impairment in patients (P = 0.022).
In this meta-analysis the overall PM and all its subtypes, particularly the time-based PM, were significantly impaired in schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者的前瞻性记忆（PM）损伤受到越来越多的关注。本研究系统地评估了精神分裂症患者的 PM 损伤。
系统检索英文（PubMed、PsycINFO、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Library）和中文（万方、中国生物医学文献数据库和中国期刊全文数据库）数据库，检索时间截至 2017 年 8 月 14 日。纳入精神分裂症患者 PM 的病例对照研究。使用随机效应模型计算标准化均数差（SMD）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。
共纳入 29 项病例对照研究（n=2492）。将精神分裂症患者（n=1284）与健康对照者（n=1208）的总体 PM 及三种亚型 PM 进行比较。与健康对照者相比，精神分裂症患者的总体 PM（SMD=-1.125）、时间型 PM（SMD=-1.155）、事件型 PM（SMD=-1.068）和活动型 PM（SMD=-0.563）均显著受损。亚组分析显示，老年患者（SMD=-1.398 比-0.763）、男性优势高和无性别优势（SMD=-1.679 比-0.800）、低和高教育水平（SMD=-1.373 比-0.637）、慢性和首发患者（SMD=-1.237 比-0.641）、生态有效和双重任务实验室测量（SMD=-1.542 比-0.725）之间存在显著差异。元回归分析显示，患者的阴性症状评分越高，总体 PM 损伤越严重（P=0.022）。
本研究的元分析显示，精神分裂症患者的总体 PM 及其所有亚型，特别是时间型 PM，均显著受损。
