Golec de Zavala Agnieszka, Federico Christopher M, Sedikides Constantine, Guerra Rita, Lantos Dorottya, Mroziński Błażej, Cypryańska Marzena, Baran Tomasz
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London.
Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota- Twin Cities.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 Sep;119(3):741-764. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000260. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
According to social identity theory, low self-esteem motivates group members to derogate out-groups, thus achieving positive in-group distinctiveness and boosting self-esteem. According to the Frankfurt School and status politics theorists, low self-esteem motivates collective narcissism (i.e., resentment for insufficient external recognition of the in-group's importance), which predicts out-group derogation. Empirical support for these propositions has been weak. We revisit them addressing whether (a) low self-esteem predicts out-group derogation via collective narcissism and (b) this indirect relationship is only observed after partialing out the positive overlap between collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction (i.e., belief that the in-group is of high value and a reason to be proud). Results based on cross-sectional (Study 1, N = 427) and longitudinal (Study 2, N = 853) designs indicated that self-esteem is uniquely, negatively linked to collective narcissism and uniquely, positively linked to in-group satisfaction. Results based on cross-sectional (Study 3, N = 506; Study 4, N = 1,059; Study 5, N = 471), longitudinal (Study 6, N = 410), and experimental (Study 7, N = 253) designs corroborated these inferences. Further, they revealed that the positive overlap between collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction obscures the link between self-esteem and out-group derogation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
根据社会认同理论，低自尊会促使群体成员诋毁外群体，从而实现积极的内群体独特性并提升自尊。根据法兰克福学派和地位政治理论家的观点，低自尊会引发集体自恋（即因外群体对本群体重要性的认可不足而产生的怨恨），这预示着对外群体的诋毁。对这些观点的实证支持一直很薄弱。我们重新审视这些观点，探讨（a）低自尊是否通过集体自恋来预测对外群体的诋毁，以及（b）这种间接关系是否仅在排除集体自恋与内群体满意度（即认为内群体具有高价值且值得自豪的信念）之间的正向重叠后才会被观察到。基于横断面研究（研究1，N = 427）和纵向研究（研究2，N = 853）的结果表明，自尊与集体自恋存在独特的负向关联，与内群体满意度存在独特的正向关联。基于横断面研究（研究3，N = 506；研究4，N = 1059；研究5，N = 471）、纵向研究（研究6，N = 410）和实验研究（研究7，N = 253）的结果证实了这些推断。此外，研究还揭示，集体自恋与内群体满意度之间的正向重叠掩盖了自尊与对外群体诋毁之间的联系。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2020美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
