Oakleaf Morgan H, Mama Khursheed R, Mangin Lisa M, Lebsock Kimberly J, Bisazza Katie T, Hess Ann M, Easley Jeremiah T
Am J Vet Res. 2019 Sep;80(9):819-824. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.80.9.819.
To compare IV doses of alfaxalone and ketamine needed to facilitate orotracheal intubation and assess effects of each treatment on selected physiologic variables in goats undergoing orthopedic surgery with isoflurane anesthesia.
18 healthy adult goats.
Behavior was assessed before and after sedation with midazolam (0.1 mg/kg, IV) for IV catheter placement. Anesthesia was induced with additional midazolam (0.1 mg/kg, IV) and alfaxalone (n = 9) or ketamine (9) at 2 mg/kg, IV, over 30 seconds. An additional dose of alfaxalone or ketamine (1 mg/kg) was given IV if needed for intubation; anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and IV fluids with ketamine (0.5 to 1 mg/kg/h). Direct systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean (MAP) arterial blood pressures; heart rate; and respiratory rate were recorded before induction, immediately after intubation, and during surgery. Qualitative anesthetic induction and recovery characteristics were assessed. Variables were compared within and between groups by statistical methods.
No preinduction variables differed significantly between groups. Postintubation and 30-minute intraoperative SAP, DAP, and MAP were higher for the ketamine group than for the alfaxalone group; within the alfaxalone group, postintubation SAP, MAP, and respiratory rate prior to mechanical ventilation were lower than respective preinduction values. All alfaxalone-group goats were intubated after 1 dose of the induction agent; 5 of 9 ketamine-group goats required an additional (1-mg/kg) dose. Postoperative recovery was good to excellent for all animals.
Both drugs were suitable for induction of anesthesia after sedation with midazolam, but most goats required higher doses of ketamine to allow intubation. For situations in which alfaxalone administration is appropriate, the potential for decreased arterial blood pressures and respiratory rate should be considered.
比较促进经口气管插管所需的阿法沙龙和氯胺酮静脉注射剂量，并评估每种治疗方法对接受异氟烷麻醉的骨科手术山羊选定生理变量的影响。
18只健康成年山羊。
在使用咪达唑仑（0.1mg/kg，静脉注射）进行镇静以放置静脉导管前后评估行为。在30秒内，通过额外静脉注射咪达唑仑（0.1mg/kg）和阿法沙龙（n = 9）或氯胺酮（9只），剂量为2mg/kg，诱导麻醉。如果插管需要，静脉注射额外剂量的阿法沙龙或氯胺酮（1mg/kg）；用异氟烷和氧气维持麻醉，并静脉输注氯胺酮（0.5至1mg/kg/h）。记录诱导前、插管后即刻和手术期间的直接收缩压（SAP）、舒张压（DAP）和平均动脉压（MAP）；心率；以及呼吸频率。评估定性麻醉诱导和恢复特征。通过统计方法比较组内和组间的变量。
诱导前各组变量无显著差异。氯胺酮组插管后和术中30分钟时的SAP、DAP和MAP高于阿法沙龙组；在阿法沙龙组内，插管后SAP、MAP和机械通气前的呼吸频率低于各自的诱导前值。所有阿法沙龙组山羊在注射1剂诱导剂后均成功插管；9只氯胺酮组山羊中有5只需要额外（1mg/kg）剂量。所有动物术后恢复良好至优秀。
两种药物都适用于咪达唑仑镇静后诱导麻醉，但大多数山羊需要更高剂量的氯胺酮才能进行插管。在适合使用阿法沙龙的情况下，应考虑动脉血压和呼吸频率降低的可能性。
