Child Trends, Waltham, MA, USA.
National Center for Children in Poverty, Bank Street Graduate School of Education, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2019 Dec;64(3-4):359-372. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12380. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
Young children's experience of trauma is associated with a wide range of adverse events and circumstances, including abuse and neglect, domestic violence, loss of a parent, and community violence. Policymakers and practitioners are increasingly aware that trauma during the first few years of life is especially widespread, and there is growing interest in new ways to support these young children and their families. Many young children who experience trauma attend early care and education (ECE) programs, and these settings offer important opportunities to promote their well-being. This paper examines strategies currently being implemented in ECE to address early childhood trauma. The paper first examines research on how trauma affects young children's development, ECE environments, and society. We then describe the unique needs of young, traumatized children and features of trauma-informed care that can address their needs, along with emerging interventions and supports that can be incorporated into or linked with ECE settings as part of a trauma-informed approach. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for ECE and trauma research, policy, and practice, bearing in mind both the promise of new approaches and a limited evidence base to date.
儿童早期经历创伤与广泛的不良事件和情况有关，包括虐待和忽视、家庭暴力、父母丧失和社区暴力。政策制定者和从业者越来越意识到生命最初几年的创伤特别普遍，并且越来越关注支持这些幼儿及其家庭的新方法。许多经历过创伤的幼儿参加早期保育和教育 (ECE) 计划，这些环境提供了促进他们福祉的重要机会。本文探讨了目前在 ECE 中实施的应对儿童早期创伤的策略。本文首先研究了创伤如何影响幼儿的发展、ECE 环境和社会。然后，我们描述了年幼、受创幼儿的独特需求以及可以满足这些需求的创伤知情护理的特点，以及可以纳入或与 ECE 环境联系在一起的新兴干预措施和支持，作为创伤知情方法的一部分。最后，我们讨论了 ECE 和创伤研究、政策和实践的未来方向，牢记新方法的前景和迄今为止有限的证据基础。
