National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2019 Nov;178:108647. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108647. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Despite physical exercise provides numerous health benefits, outdoor exercisers are frequently exposed to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) known to be associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of TRAP exposure, specifically particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (NO), during outdoor exercise on cardio-respiratory health effects. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline were performed by two researchers to identify peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2018. Combinations of keywords related to cardio-respiratory health effects, physical exercise and ambient air pollution were used. Thirteen studies were included, originating predominantly from European countries but also the American. They suggested that exercising in an environment with high TRAP exposure increases markers of respiratory and systemic inflammation, as well as, impairs the vascular function and increases artery pressure, when compared with an environment with low-TRAP exposure. In addition, the smaller particles appear to have the most severe health consequences compared with the larger coarse particles and NO. This study also provides evidence that specific groups of the population have enhanced susceptibility to adverse effects from particulate matter exposure while exercising. There is a need for more studies focused on the relationship between air pollution, physical exercise and health, as large societal benefits can be obtained from healthy environments that can promote outdoor physical exercise.
尽管体育锻炼有许多益处，但户外锻炼者经常会接触到已知与呼吸道和心血管疾病有关的交通相关空气污染物（TRAP）。本系统评价的目的是研究 TRAP 暴露（特别是颗粒物和二氧化氮（NO ））对户外锻炼时心肺健康的影响。两位研究人员对 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Medline 进行了系统的数据库搜索，以确定 2000 年至 2018 年的同行评审研究。使用了与心肺健康影响、体育锻炼和环境空气污染相关的关键词组合。纳入了 13 项研究，这些研究主要来自欧洲国家，但也有来自美国的研究。研究表明，与 TRAP 低暴露环境相比，在 TRAP 高暴露环境中进行锻炼会增加呼吸道和全身炎症标志物的水平，并损害血管功能，增加动脉血压。此外，与较大的粗颗粒物和 NO 相比，较小的颗粒物似乎对健康造成更严重的后果。本研究还提供了证据表明，某些人群在进行运动时，对颗粒物暴露的不良影响更为敏感。需要进行更多的研究来关注空气污染、体育锻炼和健康之间的关系，因为健康的环境可以促进户外体育锻炼，从而带来巨大的社会效益。
