ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, PGS Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Biological Safety & Risk Management, Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland.
ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Environ Int. 2016 Dec;97:45-55. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.011. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Physical activity (PA) has beneficial, whereas exposure to traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has adverse, respiratory effects. Few studies, however, have examined if the acute effects of TRAP upon respiratory outcomes are modified depending on the level of PA.
The aim of our study was to disentangle acute effects of TRAP and PA upon respiratory outcomes and assess the impact of participants TRAP pre-exposure.
We conducted a real-world crossover study with repeated measures of 30 healthy adults. Participants completed four 2-h exposure scenarios that included either rest or intermittent exercise in high- and low-traffic environments. Measures of respiratory function were collected at three time points. Pre-exposure to TRAP was ascertained from land-use-modeled address-attributed values. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the impact of TRAP and PA on respiratory measures as well as potential effect modifications.
We found that PA was associated with a statistically significant increases of FEV (48.5mL, p=0.02), FEV/FVC (0.64%, p=0.005) and FEF (97.8mL, p=0.02). An increase in exposure to one unit (1μg/m) of PM was associated with a decrease in FEV (-1.31mL, p=0.02) and FVC (-1.71mL, p=0.01), respectively. On the other hand, for an otherwise equivalent exposure an increase of PA by one unit (1%Heart rate max) was found to reduce the immediate negative effects of particulate matter (PM) upon PEF (PM, 0.02L/min, p=0.047; PM, 0.02L/min p=0.02; PM, 0.03L/min, p=0.02) and the several hours delayed negative effects of PM upon FVC (PM, 0.11mL, p=0.02). The negative impact of exposure to TRAP constituents on FEV/FVC and PEF was attenuated in those participants with higher TRAP pre-exposure levels.
Our results suggest that associations between various pollutant exposures and respiratory measures are modified by the level of PA during exposure and TRAP pre-exposure of participants.
体力活动（PA）有益，而接触交通相关的空气污染物（TRAP）则对呼吸有害。然而，很少有研究探讨 TRAP 对呼吸结果的急性影响是否取决于 PA 水平。
我们的研究旨在阐明 TRAP 和 PA 对呼吸结果的急性影响，并评估参与者 TRAP 暴露前的影响。
我们进行了一项真实世界的交叉研究，对 30 名健康成年人进行了重复测量。参与者完成了四种 2 小时的暴露情景，包括高流量和低流量环境中的休息或间歇性运动。在三个时间点采集呼吸功能测量值。TRAP 暴露前通过土地利用模型化的地址归因值确定。使用混合效应模型来估计 TRAP 和 PA 对呼吸测量值的影响以及潜在的效应修饰。
我们发现 PA 与 FEV（48.5mL，p=0.02）、FEV/FVC（0.64%，p=0.005）和 FEF（97.8mL，p=0.02）的统计学显著增加相关。暴露于每单位（1μg/m）的 PM 增加与 FEV（-1.31mL，p=0.02）和 FVC（-1.71mL，p=0.01）的减少相关。另一方面，对于同等的暴露，PA 增加一个单位（1%最大心率）可降低颗粒物（PM）对 PEF 的即时负面影响（PM，0.02L/min，p=0.047；PM，0.02L/min，p=0.02；PM，0.03L/min，p=0.02）和 PM 对 FVC 的数小时延迟负面影响（PM，0.11mL，p=0.02）。在 TRAP 暴露水平较高的参与者中，TRAP 成分暴露对 FEV/FVC 和 PEF 的负面影响减弱。
我们的结果表明，各种污染物暴露与呼吸测量值之间的关联受暴露期间 PA 水平和参与者 TRAP 暴露前水平的修饰。
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