Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020 May;44(4):639-654. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1695. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
The early-life gut microbiota, which is critically important for the long-term health of infants, is normally sensitive to perturbations, especially in preterm infants. However, how the gut microbiota develops and what key factors affect the preterm gut microbiota remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that preterm microbial dysbiosis exists from the beginning after birth, and microbial alteration is associated with parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy interventions.
Fecal samples were collected from fifty-one preterm and fifty full-term vaginally delivered (FTVD) infants at 7 time points for 90 days after birth. The microbial profiles of 558 fecal DNA samples were analyzed by sequencing their 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons. A random-effects generalized least square regression was used to identify factors that influence the bacterial composition over time.
The altered gut microbiota in preterm infants existed from the meconium, having significantly lower levels of Escherichia-Shigella than those in FTVD infants. The developmental trajectories of 7 predominant bacterial groups successfully fitted with exponential/linear function curves (R , 0.921-0.993) in both groups. By day 90, depleted levels of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and an overabundance of Peptoclostridium were characteristic of the preterm group. The prolonged use of antibiotics and parenteral nutrition had significant adverse effects on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium levels in preterm infants. Moreover, gestational age, sex, and birth weight were factors impacting specific genera in preterm infants.
The early-life microbial composition and functions were markedly different in preterm infants, being associated with the prolonged use of postnatal antibiotics and parenteral nutrition.
早期的肠道微生物群对婴儿的长期健康至关重要，通常对干扰很敏感，尤其是早产儿。然而，肠道微生物群如何发育以及哪些关键因素影响早产儿的肠道微生物群仍知之甚少。我们假设早产儿的微生物失调从出生后就开始存在，并且微生物的改变与肠外营养和抗生素治疗干预有关。
收集了 51 名早产儿和 50 名经阴道分娩的足月（FTVD）婴儿的粪便样本，在出生后 90 天内的 7 个时间点共采集了 558 个粪便 DNA 样本。通过测序 16S 核糖体 RNA 扩增子分析了微生物图谱。使用随机效应广义最小二乘回归来确定随时间影响细菌组成的因素。
早产儿的肠道微生物群从胎粪开始就发生了改变，其大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌的水平明显低于 FTVD 婴儿。两组中 7 种主要细菌群的发育轨迹均成功拟合指数/线性函数曲线（R ，0.921-0.993）。到第 90 天，双歧杆菌和拟杆菌的水平下降，而肠球菌和梭菌的水平升高，这是早产儿组的特征。长期使用抗生素和肠外营养对早产儿的乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌水平有显著的不良影响。此外，胎龄、性别和出生体重是影响早产儿特定属的因素。
早产儿的早期微生物组成和功能明显不同，与出生后抗生素和肠外营养的长期使用有关。
