Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Dec;75(12):3566-3576. doi: 10.1111/jan.14188. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
To describe the associations between dysphagia and malnutrition risk and to identify predictors for dysphagia in a group of persons at risk of malnutrition in hospitals and nursing homes.
A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the years 2012-2016.
The risk of malnutrition was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool for Adults (MUST). The data were compared regarding malnutrition risk and dysphagia. Regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that were associated with the risk of malnutrition and dysphagia.
Patients (N = 17,580) were included in the study sample. The prevalence of dysphagia was 6.6% and the prevalence of malnutrition risk was 18.9%. A multivariable logistic regression analysis resulted in the identification of dysphagia and cancer as variables with the highest odds ratios with regard to malnutrition risk. Patients with cancer, stroke or respiratory diseases represent a high-risk group for the co-occurrence of dysphagia and risk of malnutrition.
Screening for dysphagia should be carried out on patients at risk of malnutrition as an integral part of their admission to a healthcare institution and especially on the higher risk group of patients with cancer, a stroke or a respiratory disease.
What problem did the study address? This study identified the relationship between dysphagia and malnutrition risk and associated factors. What were the main findings? Dysphagia among patients in the research sample was associated with more than two times higher prevalence of the malnutrition risk. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Thorough malnutrition risk and dysphagia screening lead to better nursing care.
描述吞咽困难与营养不良风险之间的关联，并确定医院和养老院中存在营养不良风险的人群中发生吞咽困难的预测因素。
对 2012 年至 2016 年期间的横断面数据进行二次分析。
使用成人营养不良通用筛查工具（MUST）评估营养不良风险。对存在营养不良风险和吞咽困难的患者数据进行比较。进行回归分析以确定与营养不良风险和吞咽困难相关的变量。
共纳入研究样本中的患者（N=17580）。吞咽困难的患病率为 6.6%，营养不良风险的患病率为 18.9%。多变量逻辑回归分析结果表明，吞咽困难和癌症是与营养不良风险相关的最高比值比的变量。患有癌症、中风或呼吸系统疾病的患者是吞咽困难和营养不良风险同时发生的高风险人群。
对存在营养不良风险的患者应作为其入住医疗机构的一部分进行吞咽困难筛查，特别是对患有癌症、中风或呼吸系统疾病的高风险患者更应如此。
本研究解决了什么问题？本研究确定了吞咽困难与营养不良风险之间的关系及相关因素。主要发现是什么？研究样本中的吞咽困难患者的营养不良风险患病率高出两倍以上。该研究将在何处及对哪些人群产生影响？进行彻底的营养不良风险和吞咽困难筛查可改善护理。
