Madini Nagaia, Vincenti Alessandra, Beretta Alice, Santero Sara, Viroli Giulia, Cena Hellas
Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Clinical Nutrition Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 29;16(23):4141. doi: 10.3390/nu16234141.
Disease-related malnutrition, with or without inflammation, in older adults is currently emerging as a public health priority. The use of Foods for Special Medical Purposes, including Oral Nutritional Supplements, and supplements is crucial to support patients in achieving their nutritional needs. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively provide an analysis of the adequacy of FSMPs in meeting the nutritional requirements of different age-related diseases and takes into account the emerging role of inflammation. Moreover, it provides an identikit of the ideal products, following the pathology-specific guidelines.
Data on 132 products were gathered through face-to-face meetings with companies' consultants. Specifically, information on energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient contents were collected, as well as on texture and flavors, osmolarity, cost, and packaging.
Most FSMPs met the daily recommendations for energy and protein intake. Nonetheless, few products contained β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, optimal Branched-Chain Amino Acids ratios, arginine, glutamine, and omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, a marked predominance of FSMPs with a high osmolarity (85.7%), sweet taste (72%), and only animal protein content (79.5%) was observed. Cost analysis of FSMPs revealed a mean cost of EUR 5.35/portion. Products were mostly adequate for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, end-stage kidney disease, dysphagiam and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, gaps have been found for sarcopenia and abdominal surgery.
In light of the current market landscape, there is a need for a comprehensive regulation that indicates the optimal composition of FSMPs and the production of such products to tackle disease-related malnutrition.
老年人中与疾病相关的营养不良，无论有无炎症，目前正成为公共卫生的重点问题。使用特殊医学用途食品，包括口服营养补充剂和补充剂，对于帮助患者满足其营养需求至关重要。因此，本文旨在全面分析特殊医学用途食品在满足不同年龄相关疾病营养需求方面的充足性，并考虑炎症的新作用。此外，本文还根据特定病理指南提供了理想产品的特征描述。
通过与公司顾问面对面会议收集了132种产品的数据。具体而言，收集了有关能量、宏量营养素和微量营养素含量的信息，以及质地、口味、渗透压、成本和包装等方面的信息。
大多数特殊医学用途食品满足能量和蛋白质摄入的每日建议量。然而，很少有产品含有β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸、最佳支链氨基酸比例、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺和ω-3脂肪酸。此外，观察到高渗透压（85.7%）、甜味（72%）且仅含动物蛋白（79.5%）的特殊医学用途食品占明显优势。特殊医学用途食品的成本分析显示，每份平均成本为5.35欧元。这些产品大多适用于癌症、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、炎症性肠病、终末期肾病、吞咽困难和慢性阻塞性肺疾病。然而，在肌肉减少症和腹部手术方面存在差距。
鉴于当前的市场格局，需要一项全面的法规来指明特殊医学用途食品的最佳成分以及此类产品的生产，以应对与疾病相关的营养不良问题。
