Shaheenur Islam S K, Chakma Shovon, Taslima Akhter A H M, Ibrahim Nelima, Talukder Faisol, Chowdhuary Golam Azam
Department of Livestock Services, KrishiKhamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Disease (ECTAD), Bangladesh.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2018 Dec 2;5(4):397-404. doi: 10.5455/javar.2018.e290. eCollection 2018 Dec.
The objective of the study was to explore the outbreak situation in terms of animal, place, and time towards minimizing the risk of animal infection at the source in future and subsequent spillover in human in the endemic rural settings.
An outbreak investigation team from the Department of Livestock Services visited in each of the outbreak sites to explore the event towards strengthening the control program in the future. Meat samples of the infected slaughtered animals were collected to confirm the causal agent of the animal outbreak using polychrome methylene blue microscopic examination technique. Participatory epidemiology tool such as semi-structured interview had been used in these investigations to realize the knowledge and practices of local people/cattle keepers on anthrax control and prevention in animal and human as well.
All identified affected human cases had been confirmed as a history of contact with the animal carcasses or handling/processing with infected meat. The level of awareness at the community level was not satisfactory for the prevention and control of anthrax at the source and further spillover in human. The infected slaughtered animals found to be in non-vaccinated status during the outbreak investigation and uncontrolled animal movement is considered to be responsible for new outbreaks in a vaccinated zone where enforcement of veterinary legislation is inadequate.
A comprehensive preparedness and response strategy is to be obligatory for prevention, control and respond on anthrax in Bangladesh. Maximum vaccination coverage in the animal, increase community awareness of animal and human anthrax are also demanded for transmission of anthrax from animal to human.
本研究的目的是从动物、地点和时间方面探索疫情爆发情况，以尽量降低未来动物源感染风险以及后续在地方性流行的农村地区向人类的传播风险。
畜牧服务部的一个疫情调查小组走访了每个疫情爆发地点，以探究该事件，为未来加强防控计划提供依据。采集受感染屠宰动物的肉样，使用多色美蓝显微镜检查技术确认动物疫情的病原体。在这些调查中使用了参与性流行病学工具，如半结构化访谈，以了解当地居民/养牛户在动物和人类炭疽防控方面的知识和做法。
所有确诊的人类感染病例均有接触动物尸体或处理/加工受感染肉类的病史。社区层面在源头预防和控制炭疽以及防止其进一步传播给人类方面的意识水平并不令人满意。在疫情调查期间，发现受感染的屠宰动物未接种疫苗，且动物流动不受控制，这被认为是导致在兽医立法执行不力的疫苗接种区出现新疫情的原因。
在孟加拉国，必须制定全面的防范和应对策略来预防、控制和应对炭疽。为防止炭疽从动物传播给人类，还需要在动物中实现最大程度的疫苗接种覆盖率，并提高社区对动物和人类炭疽的认识。
