Hydrology and Water Resources Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineer, Nanjing, China.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 27;14(8):e0221363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221363. eCollection 2019.
China is facing severe pressure on its water resources and water environments. Calculating the industrial water efficiency of each province is an important index for the central government to evaluate local governments. In the traditional water resources evaluation index, the industrial water use efficiency and pollutant discharge are evaluated separately. In this paper, we collected industrial input data, output data and pollutant discharge data with a four-stage data envelopment analysis to calculate China's industrial water use efficiency with and without considering pollutant discharge, and then analyzed the factors influencing the industrial water use efficiency. The results show that the eastern coastal provinces of China have the highest water use efficiency and are less affected by pollutant discharge than other provinces. The industrial water use efficiency of the central and western provinces is lower than that of the other provinces, and the industrial water use efficiency in the central provinces is greatly affected by pollutant discharge. Factor endowment, economic development level, scientific and technological progress, industrial structure, proportion of foreign investment, water consumption per 10000 yuan of value-added by industry, industrial sewage treatment capacity and educational investment have a significant influence on the industrial water use efficiency of China. We suggest that the government strengthen the construction of sewage plants and other related infrastructure in central provinces when conducting the industrial transfer of heavy polluting enterprises.
中国的水资源和水环境正面临着巨大的压力。计算各省的工业水资源效率是中央政府评估地方政府的一个重要指标。在传统的水资源评价指标中，工业用水效率和污染物排放是分别进行评估的。在本文中，我们采用四阶段数据包络分析方法收集了工业投入数据、产出数据和污染物排放数据，计算了中国在考虑和不考虑污染物排放情况下的工业水资源效率，并进一步分析了影响工业水资源效率的因素。结果表明，中国东部沿海省份的水资源利用效率最高，受污染物排放的影响较小。中部和西部地区的工业水资源效率低于其他省份，中部省份的工业水资源效率受污染物排放的影响较大。要素禀赋、经济发展水平、科技进步、产业结构、外资比例、工业每万元增加值耗水量、工业污水处理能力和教育投入对中国工业水资源效率有显著影响。我们建议政府在进行重污染企业的产业转移时，加强中部省份的污水处理厂等相关基础设施建设。
