Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 27;14(8):e0221678. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221678. eCollection 2019.
Changing environmental conditions, including those caused by human activities, reshape biological communities through both loss of native species and establishment of non-native species in the altered habitats. Dynamic interactions with the abiotic environment impact both immigration and initial establishment of non-native species into these altered habitats. The repeated emergence of disease systems in urban areas worldwide highlights the importance of understanding how dynamic migratory processes affect the current and future distribution and abundance of pathogens in urban environments. In this study, we examine the pattern of invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi-the causative agent of human Chagas disease-in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates from Arequipa and other South American locations suggest that only one T. cruzi lineage established a population in Arequipa as all T. cruzi isolated from vectors in Arequipa form a recent monophyletic group within the broader South American phylogeny. We discuss several hypotheses that may explain the limited number of established T. cruzi lineages despite multiple introductions of the parasite.
改变的环境条件，包括由人类活动引起的那些，通过原生物种的丧失和改变生境中非本地物种的建立，重塑生物群落。与非生物环境的动态相互作用影响非本地物种向这些改变生境中的传入和初始建立。全球城市地区疾病系统的反复出现突出了理解动态迁移过程如何影响病原体在城市环境中的当前和未来分布和丰度的重要性。在这项研究中，我们研究了在秘鲁阿雷基帕市引起人类恰加斯病的克氏锥虫的入侵模式。来自阿雷基帕和其他南美地区的 136 个克氏锥虫分离株的系统发育分析表明，只有一个克氏锥虫谱系在阿雷基帕建立了种群，因为阿雷基帕所有从媒介中分离的克氏锥虫都在更广泛的南美系统发育中形成了一个近期的单系群。我们讨论了几个假设，这些假设可以解释尽管寄生虫多次传入，但仍有少数建立的克氏锥虫谱系的原因。
