Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE)-Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Dec 14;16(12):e0011003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011003. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Chagas is a complex and multidimensional socio-environmental health phenomenon, in which different components converge and interact. Historically, this disease was associated with insect vectors found in the rural environment. However, in the Americas, we are currently facing a new paradigm, in which different scenarios allow maintaining the vectorial transmission of the parasite through triatomine populations that either occasionally enter the dwellings or colonize urban environments.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Records of scientific reports available in the PubMed and LILACS search engines were retrieved, using three criteria according to the main triatomine genera of epidemiological importance and to the general scientific production on Chagas disease in urban contexts. Results showed that records on the occurrence of vectors in urban dwellings began to increase in the last three decades. Results also showed that the main species of triatomines collected inside dwellings (18 in total) belong mainly to the genera Triatoma and Panstrongylus, with most species (16/18, 88.8%) infected with the parasite, and that infestation of triatomine species occurs in all types of cities (small, medium and large, including megalopolises), from Argentina to the USA.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Urban Chagas represents a new challenge that adds a different dimension to the problem of Chagas disease due to the particular characteristics of the lifestyle in urban agglomerates. The new scenario will require adaptations of the programs of control of vector to this shift from rural to urban settlements.
恰加斯病是一种复杂的多维度社会环境健康现象，其中不同的成分汇聚并相互作用。从历史上看，这种疾病与农村环境中发现的昆虫媒介有关。然而，在美洲，我们目前正面临着一个新的范例，在这个范例中，不同的情况允许通过偶尔进入住宅或在城市环境中定居的三锥虫种群维持寄生虫的媒介传播。
方法/主要发现：根据具有流行病学重要性的主要三锥虫属和关于城市背景下恰加斯病的一般科学文献，从三个标准检索了 PubMed 和 LILACS 搜索引擎中可用的科学报告记录。结果表明，关于在城市住宅中发现媒介的记录在过去三十年中开始增加。结果还表明，在住宅内收集的主要三锥虫种类（总共 18 种）主要属于 Triatoma 和 Panstrongylus 属，其中大多数（16/18，88.8%）受寄生虫感染，并且三锥虫种类的侵扰发生在所有类型的城市（从小型、中型到大型，包括大都市），从阿根廷到美国。
结论/意义：城市恰加斯病代表了一个新的挑战，由于城市聚居区生活方式的特殊特点，给恰加斯病问题增加了一个不同的维度。新的情况将需要对媒介控制计划进行调整，以适应从农村向城市定居点的转变。
