Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2020 Jan;87(2):300-308. doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0551-0. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The quantity and quality of child-directed speech-language nutrition-provided to typically-developing children is associated with language outcomes-language health. Limited information is available about child-directed speech to children at biological risk of language impairments. We conducted a scoping review on caregiver child-directed speech for children with three clinical conditions associated with language impairments-preterm birth, intellectual disability, and autism-addressing three questions: (1) How does child-directed speech to these children differ from speech to typically-developing children? (2) What are the associations between child-directed speech and child language outcomes? (3) How convincing are intervention studies that aim to improve child-directed speech and thereby facilitate children's language development? We identified 635 potential studies and reviewed 57 meeting study criteria. Child-directed speech to children with all conditions was comparable to speech to language-matched children; caregivers were more directive toward children with disorders. Most associations between child-directed speech and outcomes were positive. However, several interventions had minimal effects on child language. Trials with large samples, intensive interventions, and multiple data sources are needed to evaluate child-directed speech as a means to prevent language impairment. Clinicians should counsel caregivers to use high quality child-directed speech and responsive communication styles with children with these conditions.
向发育正常的儿童提供的针对言语语言的亲子互动数量和质量与语言结果（语言健康）有关。关于针对存在语言障碍风险的儿童的亲子言语，信息有限。我们对与语言障碍相关的三种临床情况（早产、智力障碍和自闭症）的儿童的照料者亲子言语进行了范围综述，旨在回答三个问题：（1）这些儿童的亲子言语与发育正常儿童的言语有何不同？（2）亲子言语与儿童语言结果之间有什么关联？（3）旨在改善亲子言语从而促进儿童语言发展的干预研究有多大说服力？我们确定了 635 项潜在研究，并对符合研究标准的 57 项研究进行了审查。所有情况下向儿童提供的亲子言语与向语言匹配儿童提供的言语相似；对于存在障碍的儿童，照顾者的指令性更强。亲子言语与结果之间的大多数关联都是积极的。然而，一些干预措施对儿童语言的影响很小。需要有大样本、强化干预和多数据源的试验来评估亲子言语作为预防语言障碍的一种手段。临床医生应建议照顾者与这些情况下的儿童使用高质量的亲子言语和响应式沟通方式。
