Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Dec;178(3):493-496. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05407-5. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The human microbiome plays an integral role in physiology, with most microbes considered benign or beneficial. However, some microbes are known to be detrimental to human health, including organisms linked to cancers and other diseases characterized by aberrant inflammation. Dysbiosis, a state of microbial imbalance with harmful bacteria species outcompeting benign bacteria, can lead to maladies including cancer. The microbial composition varies across body sites, with the gut, urogenital, and skin microbiomes particularly well characterized. However, the microbiome associated with normal breast tissue and breast diseases is poorly understood. Collectively, studies have shown that breast tissue has a distinct microbiome with particular species enriched in the breast tissue itself, as well as the nipple aspirate and gut bacteria of women with breast cancer. More importantly, the breast and associated microbiomes may modulate therapeutic response and serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and staging breast cancer.
人类微生物组在生理学中起着不可或缺的作用，大多数微生物被认为是良性或有益的。然而，有些微生物已知对人类健康有害，包括与癌症和其他以异常炎症为特征的疾病有关的生物。微生态失调是一种微生物失衡的状态，有害细菌种类超过良性细菌，可能导致包括癌症在内的疾病。微生物组成在不同的身体部位有所不同，肠道、泌尿生殖和皮肤微生物组尤其具有特征。然而，与正常乳腺组织和乳腺疾病相关的微生物组还了解甚少。总的来说，研究表明，乳腺组织具有独特的微生物组，特定的物种在乳腺组织本身、乳头吸出物和乳腺癌女性的肠道细菌中富集。更重要的是，乳房及其相关的微生物组可能调节治疗反应，并作为诊断和分期乳腺癌的潜在生物标志物。
