Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Department of Natural Theories of Agriculture and Environmental Education, University of Rzeszów, 1a Cwiklinskiej St., 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
University of Central Lancashire, Forensic and Applied Sciences, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Sep;27(27):33486-33492. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06187-7. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
This work relates data from field sampling of Eisenia lucens and from laboratory-based culture. Field sampling used soil sorting and vermifuge extraction and took place in beech-dominated forests of southwest Poland. Initial work derived population estimates from four sub-communities of the forest looking for seasonal dynamics and later work employed targeted sampling in summer within rotting wood to obtain live specimens for laboratory culture. A preliminary examination within and below rotten wood during winter was also undertaken. In the laboratory, clitellate earthworms were kept at 20 °C, the substrate changed every 6 months, and the population examined. Cocoons were incubated individually at 15 °C, with number of hatchlings per cocoon and the mass of each determined. Hatchlings were grown at 15 °C in field-collected wood and compared with growth in a 1:1 volume ratio of wood and horse manure. Further hatchlings were fed with horse manure only (at 10 °C) and after 19 weeks, half were transferred to 15 °C. In the field, mature individuals varied significantly (p < 0.01) in biomass between 2 sampling sites where found, with an overall mean density across sites of 4.14 ± 3.53 m with a mean biomass of 2.21 ± 1.93 g m. Numbers in soil varied over the sampling period, with a suggestion that this species moves from mineral soil to organic-rich dead wood as conditions permit. In summer, all life stages were recovered from rotting wood above the mineral soil. Sampling in winter found cocoons in rotting wood below snow. These hatched rapidly (within 2 weeks) when taken to the laboratory. Laboratory culture allowed maintenance of a population for 2 years. Mean cocoon mass was 50.6 mg with a mean of 2.9 hatchlings per cocoon and hatchling mass was inversely proportional to number per cocoon. Growth with 50% horse manure was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than with wood. Increased temperature from 10 to 15 °C brought more significantly (p < 0.05) rapid growth. To culture this species through its life cycle, a natural substrate is needed, but then it is necessary to acclimate the animals to something more easily obtainable. More work is needed from field sampling to fully understand the seasonal dynamics of this species, which utilises different parts of the soil profile throughout the year.
本研究的数据来源于野外采集的白正蚓和实验室培养。野外采集采用土壤分拣和蚯蚓诱捕的方法，地点在波兰西南部的山毛榉林。初步工作从森林的四个亚群落中得出种群估计值，以寻找季节性动态，后来的工作在夏季对腐烂木材进行有针对性的采样，以获得用于实验室培养的活体标本。冬季还在腐烂木材的内部和下方进行了初步检查。在实验室里，环带蚓在 20°C 下饲养，每 6 个月更换一次基质，并检查种群。将茧单独在 15°C 下孵化，确定每个茧的孵化幼虫数量和每个幼虫的质量。在野外采集的木材中培养孵化幼虫，并将其与木材和马粪按 1:1 的体积比培养进行比较。进一步的孵化幼虫仅用马粪（10°C）喂养，19 周后，一半转移到 15°C。在野外，成熟个体在两个采样点之间的生物量差异显著（p<0.01），两个采样点的平均密度为 4.14±3.53 m，平均生物量为 2.21±1.93 g m。土壤中的数量在采样期间有所变化，表明该物种在条件允许的情况下从矿物质土壤移动到富含有机物的枯木中。在夏季，从高于矿物质土壤的腐烂木材中回收了所有生命阶段。冬季在积雪下的腐烂木材中发现了茧。这些茧在被带到实验室后很快孵化（在 2 周内）。实验室培养允许种群维持 2 年。平均茧质量为 50.6mg，平均每个茧孵化 2.9 个幼虫，幼虫质量与每个茧中的幼虫数量成反比。用 50%马粪培养的生长速度明显更快（p<0.001）。从 10°C 增加到 15°C 会带来更显著的快速生长（p<0.05）。为了通过生命周期培养该物种，需要一种天然基质，但随后需要使动物适应更容易获得的基质。还需要从野外采样中做更多的工作，以充分了解该物种的季节性动态，该物种全年利用土壤剖面的不同部分。
