Ahmadi Sina, Sajjadi Homeira, Nosrati Nejad Farhad, Ahmadi Naser, Karimi Salah Eddin, Yoosefi Moein, Rafiey Hassan
Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2019 May 20;33:43. doi: 10.34171/mjiri.33.43. eCollection 2019.
This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle changes and their impact on hypertension control and why and how lifestyle modifications are recommended for patients with hypertension. Four non pharmacological strategies have been recommended by physicians for hypertension control for hypertensive patients in Iran: healthier diet, smoking cessation, physical activity, and weight loss. Among participants of Iran STEPS Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey (STEPs), 7879 hypertensive patients aged ≥25 years were selected. All statistical analyses were calculated using STATA software version 14. Means, proportions, and multiple binary logistic regression models were used. Two-tailed p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results of this study showed that about three quarters of people with high blood pressure had been recommended lifestyle strategies by their physician for blood pressure control. Of the participants, 41% reported that they had been recommended only lifestyle modification for their blood pressure (BP), while 35% reported that they were recommended both lifestyle changes and medications as part of their treatment. Healthier diet, 71.9% (70.8-72.9), and smoking cessation, 23.8% (21.4-25.6), were the most and least frequently recommended strategies, respectively. Also, the rates of recommendations on smoking cessation, weight loss, increased physical activity, and healthier diet were more among women, married, and illiterate individuals, respectively. Because of the changes and transitions in the lifestyle and dietary habits in the modern world, policies and training programs should be developed to improve the recommendations on lifestyle modification. Also, educational programs should be developed to increase patient's acceptance of lifestyle modifications and physical activity.
本研究旨在评估生活方式的改变及其对高血压控制的影响，以及为何及如何向高血压患者推荐生活方式的调整。伊朗的医生为高血压患者控制血压推荐了四种非药物策略：更健康的饮食、戒烟、体育锻炼和减肥。在伊朗非传染性疾病风险因素调查（STEPS）的参与者中，选取了7879名年龄≥25岁的高血压患者。所有统计分析均使用STATA软件版本14进行。采用了均值、比例和多元二元逻辑回归模型。双侧p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。本研究结果表明，约四分之三的高血压患者已被医生推荐采用生活方式策略来控制血压。在参与者中，41%报告称他们仅被推荐通过生活方式调整来控制血压（BP），而35%报告称他们被推荐同时进行生活方式改变和药物治疗作为其治疗的一部分。更健康的饮食（71.9%，70.8 - 72.9）和戒烟（23.8%，21.4 - 25.6）分别是最常和最不常被推荐的策略。此外，戒烟、减肥、增加体育锻炼和更健康饮食的推荐率分别在女性、已婚者和文盲个体中更高。由于现代世界生活方式和饮食习惯的变化与转变，应制定政策和培训计划以改进关于生活方式调整的建议。此外，还应制定教育计划以提高患者对生活方式调整和体育锻炼的接受度。
