Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Aug 28;35(9):142. doi: 10.1007/s11274-019-2715-9.
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may serve as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria. The discharge of improperly treated wastewater effluent may lead to the spread of these bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is responsible for causing pneumonia, septicaemia and skin and soft tissue infections, into the receiving surface waters. This study aimed to determine the antibiogram and virulence gene profiles of MRSA isolates recovered from treated wastewater effluent and receiving surface waters. Genetic fingerprinting of the isolates was also carried out to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the isolates and selected antibiogram profiles. Eighty MRSA isolates were obtained from treated effluent and receiving rivers of two WWTPs in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Antibiotic resistance was observed towards lincomycin (100%), oxacillin (98.75%), cefoxitin and penicillin (97.50%), and ampicillin (96.25%). In addition, 72.50%, 66.25%, 52.50%, 40% and 33.75% of isolates showed resistance against cefozolin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin and vancomycin, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes detected in the isolates tested in this study: aac(6')/aph(2″) (56.25%), ermC (62.50%), msrA (22.50%), and blaZ and tetK (70%). The frequency of virulence genes: hla and sea was 57.50%, hld was 1.25%, while lukS P/V was 0%. Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis analysis generated 13 pulsotypes (designated A-M) showing a correlation to their respective antibiograms. Findings from this study showed the presence of potentially pathogenic, multi-drug resistant MRSA in the treated effluent and receiving surface waters. This may have detrimental effects on the health of individuals who come into contact with these water resources.
城市污水处理厂（WWTP）可能是潜在致病和耐药细菌的储存库。未经适当处理的废水排放可能导致这些细菌的传播，包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），它可导致肺炎、败血症和皮肤软组织感染，进入受纳地表水。本研究旨在确定从处理后的废水和受纳地表水回收的 MRSA 分离株的抗生素谱和毒力基因谱。还对分离株进行了遗传指纹分析，以确定分离株与选定抗生素谱之间的系统发育关系。从夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省德班的两个 WWTP 的处理废水和受纳河流中获得了 80 株 MRSA 分离株。观察到对林可霉素（100%）、苯唑西林（98.75%）、头孢西丁和青霉素（97.50%）和氨苄西林（96.25%）的抗生素耐药性。此外，72.50%、66.25%、52.50%、40%和 33.75%的分离株分别对头孢唑林、阿奇霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、红霉素和万古霉素表现出耐药性。在本研究中检测到的分离株中检测到抗生素耐药基因：aac(6')/aph(2″)（56.25%）、ermC（62.50%）、msrA（22.50%）和 blaZ 和 tetK（70%）。毒力基因的频率：hla 和 sea 为 57.50%，hld 为 1.25%，而 lukS P/V 为 0%。脉冲场凝胶电泳分析产生了 13 种脉冲型（指定为 A-M），与各自的抗生素谱相关。本研究结果表明，处理后的废水中和受纳地表水中存在潜在的致病性、多药耐药性的 MRSA。这可能对接触这些水资源的个体的健康产生不利影响。
