Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 29;14(8):e0221186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221186. eCollection 2019.
This study investigated how the presence of others and anticipated distributions for self influence children's fairness-related decisions in two different socio-moral contexts. In the first part, three- and five-year-old children (N = 120) decided between a fair and an unfair wheel of fortune to allocate resources (procedural justice). In the second part, they directly chose between two distributions of resources (distributive justice). While making a decision, each child was either observed by the affected group members (public), alone (private), or no others were introduced (non-social control). Children choose the fair option more often when others were affected (independently of their presence) only in the procedural justice task. These results suggest that using a fair procedure to distribute resources allows young preschoolers to overcome selfish tendencies.
本研究调查了他人的存在以及自我预期分配如何影响儿童在两种不同社会道德情境下的公平相关决策。在第一部分中，3 岁和 5 岁的儿童（N=120）在公平和不公平的幸运轮之间做出资源分配（程序公正）的决定。在第二部分中，他们直接在两种资源分配之间做出选择（分配公正）。在做出决策时，每个孩子要么被受影响的群体成员观察（公开），要么单独（私下），要么没有其他人参与（非社会控制）。只有在程序公正任务中，当他人受到影响（无论他们是否在场）时，儿童更倾向于选择公平选项。这些结果表明，使用公平的程序分配资源可以让年幼的学龄前儿童克服自私倾向。
