Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2019 Oct;58-59:49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.011. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
Genetic conflicts arise when the evolutionary interests of two genetic elements are not aligned. Conflicts between genomes (e.g. pathogen versus host) or within the same genome (e.g. internal parasitic DNA sequences versus the rest of the host genome) can both foster 'molecular arms races', in which genes on both sides of the conflict rapidly evolve due to bouts of adaptation and counter-adaptation. Importantly, a source of genetic novelty is needed to fuel these arms races. In this review, we highlight gene conversion as a major force in generating the novel alleles on which selection can act. Using examples from both intergenomic and intragenomic conflicts, we feature the mechanisms by which gene conversion facilitates the rapid evolution of genes in conflict.
当两个遗传要素的进化利益不一致时，就会产生遗传冲突。基因组之间（例如病原体与宿主）或同一基因组内（例如内部寄生 DNA 序列与宿主基因组的其余部分）的冲突都可以促进“分子军备竞赛”，在这种竞赛中，由于适应和反适应的爆发，冲突双方的基因迅速进化。重要的是，需要有遗传新颖性的来源来为这些军备竞赛提供动力。在这篇综述中，我们强调了基因转换作为产生可供选择的新等位基因的主要力量。我们使用来自基因组间和基因组内冲突的例子，介绍了基因转换促进冲突基因快速进化的机制。
