Institute of Agro-Product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Sep 18;67(37):10432-10447. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04778. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
A composite nanogel was developed for cyanidin-3--glucoside (C3G) delivery by combining Maillard reaction and heat gelation. The starting materials utilized were ovalbumin, dextran, and pectin. C3G-loaded nanogel was spherical with a diameter of ∼185 nm, which was maintained over a wide range of pH and NaCl concentrations. The composite nanogel enhanced the chemical stability of C3G under accelerated degradation models and a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated, and macropinocytosis-related endocytosis contributed to the higher cellular uptake of nano-C3G than that of free-C3G. The apparent permeability coefficients of C3G increased 2.16 times after nanoencapsulation. The transcytosis of the C3G-bearing nanogel occurred primarily through the clathrin-related pathway and macropinocytosis and followed the "common recycling endosomes-endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex-basolateral plasma membrane" route. Moreover, nano-C3G was more efficient in restoring the viability of cells and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes than free-C3G in oxidative models, which may be attributed to the former's high cellular absorption.
一种复合纳米凝胶通过结合美拉德反应和热凝胶化来递送矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（C3G）。所用的起始材料是卵清蛋白、葡聚糖和果胶。载有 C3G 的纳米凝胶呈球形，直径约为 185nm，在很宽的 pH 和 NaCl 浓度范围内保持稳定。与游离 C3G 相比，复合纳米凝胶增强了 C3G 在加速降解模型和模拟胃肠道中的化学稳定性。网格蛋白介导、小窝蛋白介导和巨胞饮相关内吞作用导致纳米 C3G 的细胞摄取率高于游离 C3G。C3G 的表观渗透系数在纳米封装后增加了 2.16 倍。载有 C3G 的纳米凝胶的转胞作用主要通过网格蛋白相关途径和巨胞饮作用发生，并遵循“常见的循环内体-内质网-高尔基体-基底外侧质膜”途径。此外，在氧化模型中，纳米 C3G 比游离 C3G 更有效地恢复细胞活力和内源性抗氧化酶的活性，这可能归因于前者的高细胞吸收。
