Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
MOISA, Université de Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Apr;23(5):843-860. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002362. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.
A systematic review was conducted.
The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.
Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.
The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.
探讨青少年和青年群体的社会经济和社会文化特征与饮食差异之间的关系。
系统综述。
主要检索源为 MEDLINE，检索时间为 2012 年 1 月至 2017 年 3 月。根据饮食测量方法、样本选择、社会经济指标选择和统计模型对入选研究的质量进行评估。
选择评估高收入国家 10-40 岁一般人群中社会经济地位与饮食摄入（模式、评分和食物组）之间关系的横断面和纵向研究。
在确定的 7250 份报告中，选择了 40 份，其中 17 份质量较高；将仅与青少年相关的结论进行合并并呈现。最有利的饮食模式、更高的饮食评分、更多地摄入水果、蔬菜和乳制品以及更少地摄入含糖甜饮料和高能量食物与更好的父母社会经济地位相关，特别是在受教育程度较高的情况下。移民身份与植物性饮食模式、更多地摄入水果和蔬菜以及含糖甜饮料和高能量食物有关。对于其他食物组以及对于青年成年人，很少有高质量的研究。
青少年饮食中的社会经济梯度需要通过更广泛的食物组和更高质量的研究来证实，并且必须扩展到青年成年人人群。未来的营养干预措施应涉及最脆弱的青少年群体，同时考虑到社会经济地位和移民情况。
