Department of health promotion and development, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 13, Bergen, 5015, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Nov 28;12:1036. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1036.
Dietary inequality, via socio-economic inequality, may involve several mechanisms. Different aspects of adolescents' socio-economic circumstances should therefore be considered in order to make effective interventions to promote healthy eating in the young population. Indicators designed to tap socio-economic status among adolescents in particular will facilitate a better understanding of the concept of socio-economic status and how it influences health behaviour among young people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if material capital and cultural capital individually and independently contribute to the prediction of eating habits in the Norwegian adolescent population.
The analysis is based on survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. The Family Affluence Scale (number of cars, holidays, PC and bedrooms) and number of books in the household were used as indicators of socio-economic status, respectively measuring material capital and cultural capital. Their influence on adolescent's consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, and consumption of breakfast and dinner was evaluated. Pearson's correlation, logistic regression and ridit transformation analysis were used to analyse the data.
Higher family affluence was shown to predict consumption of more fruit (OR 1.52) and vegetables (OR 1.39) and consumption of breakfast (OR 1.61) and dinner (1.35). Cultural capital was significantly associated to consumption of fruit (OR 1.85), vegetables (OR 2.38) sweets (OR .45), sugary soft drinks (OR .26), breakfast (OR 2.13) and dinner (OR 1.54). Cultural capital was the strongest predictor to healthy eating among adolescents in Norway.
Material capital and cultural capital individually and independently contributed to the prediction of healthy eating patterns among adolescents in Norway. Cultural capital is an understudied dimension of the socio-economic status concept and the influence on health behaviour needs to be explored in future studies. Initiatives to promote healthy eating should focus on education, habits and consciousness of a healthy diet, but also at reducing the high cost of fruit and vegetables. There is further a need for developing appropriate indicators for adolescent socio-economic status.
饮食不平等可能通过社会经济不平等而发生，其中涉及多个机制。为了在年轻人群中实施有效干预以促进健康饮食，应考虑青少年社会经济环境的不同方面。旨在专门评估青少年社会经济地位的指标将有助于更好地理解社会经济地位的概念及其对年轻人健康行为的影响。本研究旨在评估物质资本和文化资本是否单独且独立地促进挪威青少年人群饮食习惯的预测。
本分析基于《青少年健康行为调查》中的调查数据。家庭富裕程度量表（汽车数量、假期、个人电脑和卧室数量）和家庭拥有的书籍数量分别作为社会经济地位的指标，分别衡量物质资本和文化资本。评估了这些指标对青少年水果、蔬菜、甜食、软饮料消费以及早餐和晚餐消费的影响。采用 Pearson 相关分析、逻辑回归和 ridit 转换分析来分析数据。
较高的家庭富裕程度与更多地食用水果（OR 1.52）和蔬菜（OR 1.39）以及食用早餐（OR 1.61）和晚餐（OR 1.35）有关。文化资本与水果（OR 1.85）、蔬菜（OR 2.38）、甜食（OR.45）、含糖软饮料（OR.26）、早餐（OR 2.13）和晚餐（OR 1.54）的消费显著相关。文化资本是挪威青少年健康饮食的最强预测因素。
物质资本和文化资本单独且独立地促进了挪威青少年健康饮食模式的预测。文化资本是社会经济地位概念中一个研究不足的维度，需要在未来的研究中探索其对健康行为的影响。促进健康饮食的举措应侧重于教育、健康饮食的习惯和意识，但也要降低水果和蔬菜的高成本。还需要为青少年社会经济地位开发适当的指标。
