Science. 2019 Aug 30;365(6456):897-902. doi: 10.1126/science.aax1192.
Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth's transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
随着农业的出现，人类对土地的环境改造作用加速了，但这些早期变化的程度、轨迹和影响还没有得到很好的理解。对从现在前 10000 年（公元前）到公元 1850 年的土地利用的全球实证评估显示，到 3000 年前，地球上已经主要被狩猎采集者、农民和牧民改变，这比地球科学家通常使用的土地利用重建日期要早得多。250 多位考古学家提供的知识综合强调了考古学专业知识和数据质量方面的差距，这些差距在公元前 2000 年和在传统上受到研究和较为富裕的地区达到顶峰。对全球土地利用历史的考古重建揭示了地球变化的深远根源，并挑战了新兴的人类世范式，即大规模的人为全球环境变化主要是最近的现象。
